Power System Security
CHAPTER 4

4.	Power System Security
4.1	Introduction
4.1.1	Purpose
(a)	This Chapter:
(1)	provides the framework for achieving and maintaining a secure power system;
(2)	provides the conditions under which AEMO can intervene in the processes of the spot market and issue directions to Registered Participants so as to maintain or re-establish a secure and reliable power system;
(3)	has the following aims:
(i)	to detail the principles and guidelines for achieving and maintaining power system security;
(ii)	to establish the processes for the assessment of the adequacy of power system reserves;
(iii)	to establish processes to enable AEMO to plan and conduct operations within the power system to achieve and maintain power system security; and
(iv)	to establish processes for the actual dispatch of scheduled generating units, semi-scheduled generating units, scheduled loads, scheduled network services and ancillary services by AEMO and for AEMO to enable inertia network services or system strength services.
(b)	By virtue of this Chapter and the National Electricity Law, AEMO has responsibility to maintain and improve power system security. This Chapter also requires the Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator for each participating jurisdiction to advise AEMO of the requirements of the participating jurisdiction regarding sensitive loads and priority of load shedding and requires AEMO to provide copies of the relevant load shedding procedures and EFCS settings schedules to the Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator.
4.2	Definitions and Principles
This rule sets out certain definitions and concepts that are relevant to this Chapter.
4.2.1	[Deleted]
4.2.2	Satisfactory Operating State
The power system is defined as being in a satisfactory operating state when:
(a)	the frequency at all energised busbars of the power system is within the normal operating frequency band, except for brief excursions outside the normal operating frequency band but within the normal operating frequency excursion band;
(b)	the voltage magnitudes at all energised busbars at any switchyard or substation of the power system are within the relevant limits set by the relevant Network Service Providers in accordance with clause S5.1.4 of schedule 5.1;
(c)	the current flows on all transmission lines of the power system are within the ratings (accounting for time dependency in the case of emergency ratings) as defined by the relevant Network Service Providers in accordance with schedule 5.1;
(d)	all other plant forming part of or impacting on the power system is being operated within the relevant operating ratings (accounting for time dependency in the case of emergency ratings) as defined by the relevant Network Service Providers in accordance with schedule 5.1;
(e)	the configuration of the power system is such that the severity of any potential fault is within the capability of circuit breakers to disconnect the faulted circuit or equipment; and
(f)	the conditions of the power system are stable in accordance with requirements designated in or under clause S5.1.8 of schedule 5.1.
4.2.3	Credible and non-credible contingency events and protected events
(a)	A contingency event means an event affecting the power system which AEMO expects would be likely to involve the failure or removal from operational service of one or more generating units and/or transmission elements.
(b)	A credible contingency event means a contingency event the occurrence of which AEMO considers to be reasonably possible in the surrounding circumstances including the technical envelope. Without limitation, examples of credible contingency events are likely to include:
(1)	the unexpected automatic or manual disconnection of, or the unplanned reduction in capacity of, one operating generating unit; or
(2)	the unexpected disconnection of one major item of transmission plant (e.g. transmission line, transformer or reactive plant) other than as a result of a three phase electrical fault anywhere on the power system.
(c)	[Deleted]
(d)	[Deleted]
(e)	A non-credible contingency event is a contingency event other than a credible contingency event. Without limitation, examples of non-credible contingency events are likely to include:
(1)	three phase electrical faults on the power system; or
(2)	simultaneous disruptive events such as:
(i)	multiple generating unit failures; or
(ii)	double circuit transmission line failure (such as may be caused by tower collapse).
(f)	A protected event means a non-credible contingency event that the Reliability Panel has declared to be a protected event under clause 8.8.4, where that declaration has come into effect and has not been revoked. Protected events are a category of non-credible contingency event.
4.2.3A	Re-classifying contingency events
(a)	Abnormal conditions are conditions posing added risks to the power system including, without limitation, severe weather conditions, lightning, storms and bush fires.
(b)	AEMO must take all reasonable steps to ensure that it is promptly informed of abnormal conditions, and when abnormal conditions are known to exist AEMO must:
(1)	on a regular basis, make reasonable attempts to obtain all information relating to how the abnormal conditions may affect a contingency event; and
(2)	identify any non-credible contingency event which is more likely to occur because of the existence of the abnormal conditions.
(c)	As soon as practicable after AEMO identifies a non-credible contingency event which is more likely to occur because of the existence of abnormal conditions, AEMO must provide Market Participants with a notification specifying:
(1)	the abnormal conditions;
(2)	the relevant non-credible contingency event;
(3)	whether AEMO has reclassified this non-credible contingency event as a credible contingency event under clause 4.2.3A(g);
(4)	information (other than confidential information) in its possession that is relevant to its consideration under clause 4.2.3A(e), the source of that information and the time that information was received or confirmed by AEMO;
(5)	the time at which the notification has been issued; and
(6)	the time at which an updated notification is expected to be issued, where this might be necessary.
(d)	AEMO must update a notification issued in accordance with clause 4.2.3A(c) as it becomes aware of new information that is material to its consideration under clause 4.2.3A(e), and in any event no later than the time indicated in the original notification under clause 4.2.3A(c)(6), until such time as it issues a notification specifying that the abnormal conditions have ceased to have a material effect on the likely occurrence of the non-credible contingency event.
(e)	If AEMO identifies a non-credible contingency event which is more likely to occur because of the existence of abnormal conditions it must, on a regular basis, consider whether the occurrence of that non-credible contingency event is reasonably possible, having regard to all the facts and circumstances identified in accordance with clause 4.2.3A(b).
(f)	In undertaking its consideration in accordance with clause 4.2.3A(e), AEMO must have regard to the criteria referred to in clause 4.2.3B.
Note:
Clause 4.2.3A(f) will not come into effect until NEMMCO has established the criteria referred to in clause 4.2.3B.
(g)	If, after undertaking a consideration in accordance with clause 4.2.3A(e), AEMO decides that the existence of the abnormal conditions make the occurrence of a non-credible contingency event reasonably possible, it must reclassify that event to be a credible contingency event and must notify Market Participants as soon as practicable.
(h)	If, after reclassifying a non-credible contingency event to be a credible contingency event in accordance with clause 4.2.3A(g), AEMO considers that the relevant facts and circumstances have changed so that the occurrence of that credible contingency event is no longer reasonably possible, AEMO may reclassify that credible contingency event to be a non-credible contingency event. If AEMO does so, it must notify Market Participants as soon as practicable.
(i)	Every six months, AEMO must issue a report setting out its reasons for all decisions to re-classify non-credible contingency events to be credible contingency events under clause 4.2.3A(g) during the relevant period. The report:
(1)	must include an explanation of how AEMO applied the criteria established in accordance with clause 4.2.3B for each of those decisions; and
(2)	may also include AEMO's analysis of re-classification trends during the relevant period and its appraisal of the appropriateness and effectiveness of the relevant criteria that were applied in the case of each reclassification decision.
4.2.3B	Criteria for re-classifying contingency events
(a)	Within six months of the commencement of this clause, NEMMCO must establish criteria that it must use when considering whether the existence of abnormal conditions make the occurrence of a non-credible contingency event reasonably possible under clause 4.2.3A(e).
(b)	AEMO must review the criteria established under clause 4.2.3B(a) every two years after the date of establishment.
(c)	AEMO may amend the criteria established under clause 4.2.3B(a).
(d)	In establishing, reviewing or amending the criteria under this clause, AEMO must:
(1)	first consult with relevant stakeholders including Market Participants, Transmission Network Service Providers, Jurisdictional System Security Coordinators and relevant emergency services agencies;
(2)	ensure that the criteria include a requirement to have regard to the particulars of any risk(s) to the power system associated with the various types of abnormal conditions that might arise; and
(3)	publish the criteria on its website as soon as practicable after the criteria have been established or amended.
4.2.4	Secure operating state and power system security
(a)	The power system is defined to be in a secure operating state if, in AEMO's reasonable opinion, taking into consideration the appropriate power system security principles described in clause 4.2.6:
(1)	the power system is in a satisfactory operating state; and
(2)	the power system will return to a satisfactory operating state following the occurrence of any credible contingency event or protected event in accordance with the power system security standards.
(b)	Without limitation, in forming the opinions described in clause 4.2.4(a), AEMO must:
(1)	consider the impact of each of the potentially constrained interconnectors; and
(2)	use the technical envelope as the basis of determining events considered to be credible contingency events at that time.
4.2.5	Technical envelope
(a)	The technical envelope means the technical boundary limits of the power system for achieving and maintaining the secure operating state of the power system for a given demand and power system scenario.
(b)	AEMO must determine and revise the technical envelope (as may be necessary from time to time) by taking into account the prevailing power system and plant conditions as described in clause 4.2.5(c).
(c)	In determining and revising the technical envelope AEMO must take into account matters such as:
(1)	AEMO's forecast of total power system load;
(2)	the provision of the applicable contingency capacity reserves;
(3)	operation within all plant capabilities of plant on the power system;
(4)	contingency capacity reserves available to handle any credible contingency event;
(5)	advised generation minimum load constraints;
(6)	constraints on transmission networks, including short term limitations;
(7)	ancillary service requirements and inertia network service and system strength service availability;
(8)	[Deleted]
(9)	the existence of proposals for any major equipment or plant testing, including the checking of, or possible changes in, transmission plant availability; and
(10)	applicable performance standards.
(d)	AEMO must, when determining the secure operating limits of the power system, assume that the applicable performance standards are being met, subject to:
(1)	a Registered Participant notifying AEMO, in accordance with rule 4.15(f), that a performance standard is not being met; or
(2)	AEMO otherwise becoming aware that a performance standard is not being met.
4.2.6	General principles for maintaining power system security
The power system security principles are as follows:
(a)	To the extent practicable, the power system should be operated such that it is and will remain in a secure operating state.
(b)	Following a contingency event (whether or not a credible contingency event) or a significant change in power system conditions, AEMO should take all reasonable actions:
(1)	to adjust, wherever possible, the operating conditions with a view to returning the power system to a secure operating state as soon as it is practical to do so, and, in any event, within thirty minutes; or
(2)	if any principles and guidelines have been published under clause 8.8.1(a)(2a), to adjust, wherever possible, the operating conditions, in accordance with such principles and guidelines, with a view to returning the power system to a secure operating state within at most thirty minutes.
(c)	Emergency frequency control schemes should be available and in service to:
(1)	restore the power system to a satisfactory operating state following protected events; and
(2)	significantly reduce the risk of cascading outages and major supply disruptions following significant multiple contingency events.
(d)	[Deleted]
(e)	Sufficient system restart ancillary services should be available in accordance with the system restart standard to allow the restoration of power system security and any necessary restarting of generating units following a major supply disruption.
(f)	Sufficient inertia should be available in each inertia sub-network to meet the applicable inertia requirements.
(g)	Sufficient three phase fault level should be maintained at each fault level node to meet the applicable system strength requirements.
4.2.7	Reliable Operating State
The power system is assessed to be in a reliable operating state when:
(a)	AEMO has not disconnected, and does not expect to disconnect, any points of load connection under clause 4.8.9;
(b)	no load shedding is occurring or expected to occur anywhere on the power system under clause 4.8.9; and
(c)	in AEMO's reasonable opinion the power system meets, and is projected to meet, the reliability standard, having regard to the reliability standard implementation guidelines.
4.2.8	Time for undertaking action
The provisions of clause 1.7.1(l) do not apply to this Chapter and an event which is required under this Chapter to occur on or by a stipulated day must occur on or by that day whether or not a business day.
4.3	Power System Security Responsibilities and Obligations
4.3.1	Responsibility of AEMO for power system security
The AEMO power system security responsibilities are:
(a)	to maintain power system security;
(b)	to monitor the operating status of the power system;
(c)	to co-ordinate the System Operators in undertaking certain of its activities and operations and monitoring activities of the power system;
(d)	to ensure that high voltage switching procedures and arrangements are utilised by Network Service Providers to provide adequate protection of the power system;
(e)	to assess potential infringement of the technical envelope or power system operating procedures which could affect the security of the power system;
(f)	to ensure that the power system is operated within the limits of the technical envelope;
(g)	to ensure that all plant and equipment under its control or co-ordination is operated within the appropriate operational or emergency limits which are advised to AEMO by the respective Network Service Providers or Registered Participants;
(h)	to assess the impacts of technical and any operational plant on the operation of the power system;
(i)	to arrange the dispatch of scheduled generating units, semi-scheduled generating units, scheduled loads, scheduled network services and ancillary services(including dispatch by remote control actions or specific directions) in accordance with the Rules, allowing for the dynamic nature of the technical envelope;
(j)	to determine any potential constraint on the dispatch of generating units, loads, market network services and ancillary services and to assess the effect of this constraint on the maintenance of power system security;
(k)	to assess the availability and adequacy, including the dynamic response, of contingency capacity reserves and reactive power reserves in accordance with the power system security standards and to ensure that appropriate levels of contingency capacity reserves and reactive power reserves are available:
(1)	to ensure the power system is, and is maintained, in a satisfactory operating state; and
(2)	to arrest the impacts of a range of significant multiple contingency events (affecting up to 60% of the total power system load) or protected events to allow a prompt restoration or recovery of power system security, taking into account under-frequency initiated load shedding capability provided under connection agreements, by emergency frequency control schemes or otherwise;
(l)	to monitor demand and generation capacity in accordance with the reliability standard implementation guidelines and, if necessary, initiate action in relation to a relevant AEMO intervention event;
(m)	to publish as appropriate, information about the potential for, or the occurrence of, a situation which could significantly impact, or is significantly impacting, on power system security, and advise of any low reserve condition for the relevant periods determined in accordance with the reliability standard implementation guidelines;
(n)	to refer to Registered Participants, as AEMO deems appropriate, information of which AEMO becomes aware in relation to significant risks to the power system where actions to achieve a resolution of those risks are outside the responsibility or control of AEMO;
(o)	to utilise resources and services provided or procured as ancillary services, system strength services or inertia network services or otherwise to maintain or restore the satisfactory operating state of the power system;
(p)	to procure adequate system restart ancillary services in accordance with clause 3.11.9 to enable AEMO to co-ordinate a response to a major supply disruption;
(pa)	to coordinate the provision of emergency frequency control schemes by Network Service Providers and to determine the settings and intended sequence of response by those schemes;
(pb)	to determine the boundaries of inertia sub-networks and the inertia requirements for each inertia sub-network and to enable inertia network services;
(pc)	to determine the system strength requirements for each region and to enable system strength services;
(q)	to interrupt, subject to clause 4.3.2(l), Registered Participant connections as necessary during emergency situations to facilitate the re-establishment of the satisfactory operating state of the power system;
(r)	to issue a direction or clause 4.8.9 instruction (as necessary) to any Registered Participant;
(s)	to co-ordinate and direct any rotation of widespread interruption of demand in the event of a major supply shortfall or disruption;
(t)	to liaise with participating jurisdictions should there be a need to manage an extensive disruption, including the use of emergency services powers in a participating jurisdiction;
(u)	to determine the extent to which the levels of contingency capacity reserves and reactive power reserves are or were appropriate through appropriate testing, auditing and simulation studies;
(v)	to investigate and review all major power system operational incidents and to initiate action plans to manage any abnormal situations or significant deficiencies which could reasonably threaten power system security. Such situations or deficiencies include without limitation:
(1)	power system frequencies outside those specified in the definition of satisfactory operating state;
(2)	power system voltages outside those specified in the definition of satisfactory operating state;
(3)	actual or potential power system instability; and
(4)	unplanned/unexpected operation of major power system equipment; and
(w)	to ensure that each System Operator satisfactorily interacts with AEMO, other System Operators and Distribution System Operators for both transmission and distribution network activities and operations, so that power system security is not jeopardised by operations on the connected transmission networks and distribution networks.
4.3.2	System security
(a)	AEMO must use its reasonable endeavours, as permitted under the Rules, including through the provision of appropriate information to Registered Participants to the extent permitted by law and under the Rules, to achieve the AEMO power system security responsibilities in accordance with the power system security principles described in clause 4.2.6.
(b)	Where an obligation is imposed on AEMO under this Chapter to arrange or control any act, matter or thing or to ensure that any other person undertakes or refrains from any act, that obligation is limited to a requirement for AEMO to use reasonable endeavours as permitted under the Rules, including to give such directions as are within its powers, to comply with that obligation.
(c)	If AEMO fails to arrange or control any act, matter or thing or the acts of any other person notwithstanding the use of AEMO's reasonable endeavours, AEMO will not be taken to have breached such obligation.
(d)	AEMO must make accessible to Registered Participants such information as:
(1)	AEMO considers appropriate;
(2)	AEMO is permitted to disclose in order to assist Registered Participants to make appropriate market decisions; and
(3)	AEMO is able to disclose to enable Registered Participants to consider initiating procedures to manage the potential risk of any necessary action by AEMO to restore or maintain power system security,
provided that, in doing so, AEMO must use reasonable endeavours to ensure that such information is available to those Registered Participants who request the information on equivalent bases.
(e)	The Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator for a participating jurisdiction may nominate an individual to be the principal point of contact with AEMO for the Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator.
(f)	The Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator for each participating jurisdiction must provide AEMO with:
(1)	a schedule of sensitive loads in that jurisdiction, specifying:
(i)	the priority, in terms of security of supply, that each load specified in the schedule has over the other loads specified in the schedule; and
(ii)	the loads (if any) for which the approval of the Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator must be obtained by AEMO under clause 4.3.2(l); and
(2)	a schedule setting out the order in which loads in the participating jurisdiction, other than sensitive loads, may be shed by AEMO for the purposes of undertaking any load shedding under rule 4.8.
(g)	A Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator may from time to time amend the schedules provided to AEMO under clause 4.3.2(f) and must provide to AEMO a copy of the amended schedules.
(h)	AEMO must develop, update and maintain:
(1)	a set of procedures for each participating jurisdiction under which loads will be shed (by means other than an emergency frequency control scheme included in an EFCS settings schedule) and restored in accordance with the priorities set out in the schedules for that participating jurisdiction (which procedures for a participating jurisdiction shall be known as the load shedding procedures for that jurisdiction); and
(2)	schedules for each participating jurisdiction specifying, for each emergency frequency control scheme affecting each region in that participating jurisdiction, settings for operation of the scheme including the matters specified in paragraphs (m) to (p) (which schedule for a participating jurisdiction shall be known as the EFCS settings schedule for that jurisdiction).
(ha)	In developing and updating EFCS settings schedules, AEMO must consult with:
(1)	affected Network Service Providers;
(2)	the relevant Jurisdictional System Security Coordinators, in the case of information in the schedule relating to an under frequency scheme; and
(3)	affected Generators in the case of information in the schedule relating to an over frequency scheme.
(i)	AEMO must provide the Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator for a participating jurisdiction with a copy of the load shedding procedures and the EFCS settings schedule for that participating jurisdiction, as amended from time to time.
(j)	The load shedding procedures and the EFCS settings schedule for a participating jurisdiction must be consistent with the schedules of the participating jurisdiction provided under clause 4.3.2(f) and must, without limitation, include a requirement that:
(1)	automatic disconnection of a sensitive load under clause 4.3.5(a) is not to occur until the occurrence of a specified power system frequency referred to in the load shedding procedures or EFCS settings schedule;
(2)	any such sensitive load (or part thereof) which would otherwise have been part of a block of interruptible load in an under-frequency band specified in clause 4.3.5(b), must be replaced in that band in relation to the participating jurisdiction with an equivalent amount of interruptible load nominated by other Market Customers in the relevant participating jurisdiction;
(3)	after supply is interrupted to a load, supply to that load must be restored as soon as this can be achieved and in accordance with the schedules of loads referred to in clause 4.3.2(f); and
(4)	in the case of the load shedding procedures, in the event of a major supply shortfall, the rotation of any load shedding requirements within regions (or parts of regions) in the participating jurisdiction must be in accordance with the load shedding procedures.
(k)	Notwithstanding any other provision of the Rules, AEMO must use its reasonable endeavours to ensure that the power system is operated in a manner that maintains security of supply to any sensitive loads prescribed by the Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator for each participating jurisdiction under clause 4.3.2(f).
(l)
(1)	Notwithstanding any other provision of the Rules, in the event that AEMO, in its reasonable opinion for reasons of public safety or for power system security, needs to interrupt supply to any sensitive loads, AEMO may only give a direction requiring that interruption:
(i)	in accordance with the load shedding procedures; and
(ii)	if it is a sensitive load of a type described in clause 4.3.2(f)(1)(ii), once the Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator for the relevant participating jurisdiction has given AEMO its approval (which approval must not be unreasonably withheld).
(2)	Other than to ensure the maintenance of power system security or public safety, after disconnection, notwithstanding any other provision of the Rules, AEMO must not take any steps to prevent the reconnection of a sensitive load of the type described in clause 4.3.2(f)(1)(ii) without the approval of the Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator for the relevant participating jurisdiction (which approval must not be unreasonably withheld).
(3)	AEMO must seek the approval of the relevant Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator for the order in which a sensitive load is to be shed and restored under an EFCS settings schedule (which approval must not be unreasonably withheld).
(m)	For each under frequency scheme, the applicable EFCS settings schedule must set out the manner in which loads are to be shed and restored.
(n)	For each over frequency scheme, the applicable EFCS setting schedule must set out the manner in which generating units will be interrupted or have output reduced.
(o)	AEMO must determine the matters referred to in paragraph (n) in a manner AEMO considers is best calculated to be consistent with the power system security principles in clause 4.2.6. To that end, AEMO may determine a sequence and settings that will:
(1)	first, restore the power system to a secure operating state; and
(2)	then, restore the power system to a reliable operating state.
(p)	Subject to paragraph (i), EFCS settings schedules are confidential information.
4.3.3	The role of System Operators
(a)	For the purpose of complying with its obligations under clause 4.3.2, AEMO may, from time to time, in addition to any other power or right under the Rules:
(1)	engage such agents or appoint such delegates as it considers appropriate to carry out on its behalf some or all of its rights, functions and obligations under this Chapter (such persons being known as System Operators upon registration with AEMO); and
(2)	organise, enter into and manage any contractual arrangements with appropriately competent service providers.
(b)	AEMO must make accessible to Registered Participants information as to:
(1)	the engagement or appointment of any agent, delegate or service provider under clause 4.3.3;
(2)	the identity of that agent, delegate or service provider; and
(3)	the scope of the engagement or appointment, including without limitation, the activities in relation to which the engagement or appointment applies.
(c)	A Registered Participant must ensure that, where AEMO has engaged or appointed an agent, delegate or service provider under clause 4.3.3 in relation to certain of its rights, functions or obligations, any communications from the Registered Participant to AEMO under this Chapter concerning the rights, functions or obligations within the scope of the agent's, delegate's or service provider's engagement or appointment are made through that agent, delegate or service provider to the extent notified to the Registered Participant by AEMO.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(d)	A System Operator must carry out the rights, functions and obligations in respect of which it has been engaged or appointed by AEMO in accordance with the provisions of the Rules.
(e)	A System Operator must, to the extent that the System Operator is aware or ought reasonably to have been aware, keep AEMO fully and timely informed as to:
(1)	the state of the security of the power system;
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(2)	any present or anticipated risks to power system security; and
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(3)	any action contemplated or initiated to address a risk to power system security or to restore or maintain the power system in a satisfactory operating state.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(f)	AEMO must ensure that any agent engaged, or delegate appointed, under clause 4.3.3(a)(1) is registered by it as a System Operator.
(g)	Notwithstanding that AEMO may have engaged or appointed an agent, delegate or service provider under clause 4.3.3 to carry out a right, function or obligation of AEMO, AEMO remains liable under the Rules for performance of that right, function or obligation.
4.3.4	Network Service Providers
(a)	Each Network Service Provider must use reasonable endeavours to exercise its rights and obligations in relation to its networks so as to co-operate with and assist AEMO in the proper discharge of the AEMO power system security responsibilities.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	Each Network Service Provider must use reasonable endeavours to ensure that interruptible loads are provided as specified in clause 4.3.5 and clause S5.1.10 of schedule 5.1 (including without limitation, through the inclusion of appropriate provisions in connection agreements).
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b1)	Each Network Service Provider must, in accordance with clause S5.1.10.1a of schedule 5.1, cooperate with AEMO in relation to, design, procure, commission, maintain, monitor, test, modify and report to AEMO in respect of, each emergency frequency control scheme which is applicable in respect of the Network Service Provider's transmission or distribution system.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b2)	Where an EFCS settings schedule applies to an emergency frequency control scheme, a Network Service Provider must only apply, or allow the application of, settings for the emergency frequency control scheme that are consistent with the applicable EFCS settings schedule.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(c)	Each Network Service Provider must arrange and maintain, in accordance with the standards described in clause 4.3.4(e), controls, monitoring and secure communication systems to facilitate a manually initiated, rotational load shedding and restoration process which may be necessary if there is, in AEMO's opinion, a prolonged major supply shortage or extreme power system disruption.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(d)	Each Network Service Provider must advise AEMO of any ancillary services or similar services provided under any connection agreement or network support agreement to which it is a party, and in respect of network support and control ancillary services provided under any network support agreement  must provide to AEMO and update AEMO if there has been a material change to the information provided to AEMO, details of the following:
(1)	a description of the network support and control ancillary service, including:
(i)	the nature of the network support and control ancillary service;
(ii)	the purpose for which the network support and control ancillary service has been acquired;
(iii)	connection points at which the network support and control ancillary service is to be provided (to the extent that this information can be reasonably anticipated and provided);
(iv)	the quantity or range of quantity of the network support and control ancillary service that can be provided, described in a manner relevant to the stated purpose (to the extent that this information can be reasonably anticipated and provided);
(v)	the period of any notice that has to be given to the provider of the network support and control ancillary service for it to be enabled;
(vi)	the response time to any instruction for use once the network support and control ancillary service has been enabled; and
(vii)	the communication protocols related to the enabling and use of the network support and control ancillary service and the notification of changes to its availability;
(2)	the availability of the network support and control ancillary service, including:
(i)	the period over which the network support and control ancillary service will be available;
(ii)	any possible restrictions on the availability of the network support and control ancillary service; and
(iii)	whether the network support and control ancillary service is available for the use of parties other than the Network Service Provider;
(3)	advice on any changes to the formulation of network limits to reflect the enabling or use of the network support and control ancillary service; and
(4)	if the network support and control ancillary service is to be dispatched by AEMO, the form of instructions for the dispatch of the network support and control ancillary service by AEMO.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(d1)	Where NSCAS is to be acquired by the Network Service Provider, the Network Service Provider must develop, in consultation with AEMO, the arrangements for the enabling and use of the network support and control ancillary service, and those arrangements must be consistent with meeting the relevant NSCAS need.
(d2)	A Network Service Provider who enters into a network support agreement must negotiate in good faith with AEMO on the form of instructions it will provide to AEMO under paragraph (d)(4) to dispatch the network support and control ancillary service to ensure those instructions are both comprehensive and practicable for AEMO to implement in central dispatch if required.
(e)	AEMO must develop, and may amend, standards in consultation with Network Service Providers in accordance with the Rules consultation procedures which must be met by Network Service Providers in arranging and maintaining the controls, monitoring and secure communication systems referred to in clause 4.3.4(c).
(f)	Until the standards contemplated by clause 4.3.4(e) are issued by AEMO, each Network Service Provider must maintain the control, monitoring and secure communication systems referred to in clause 4.3.4(c) that were in place at 13 December 1998 so as to achieve substantially the same performance and functionality as they did over the 12 months prior to 13 December 1998.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(g)	Each Network Service Provider must plan or operate its transmission system or distribution system in accordance with the power system stability guidelines described in clause 4.3.4(h).
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(g1)	Each Network Service Provider must ensure that emergency controls are installed in accordance with clause S5.1.8 of schedule 5.1.
(h)	AEMO must develop, and may amend, guidelines for power system stability but only in consultation with Registered Participants in accordance with the Rules consultation procedures, and must publish the guidelines for power system stability.
(i)	The power system stability guidelines developed in accordance with clause 4.3.4(h) must detail the policies governing power system stability so as to facilitate the operation of the power system within stable limits.
(j)	Each Transmission Network Service Provider that is an Inertia Service Provider must make inertia network services available to AEMO in accordance with clause 5.20B.4(b).
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(k)	Each Transmission Network Service Provider that is an Inertia Service Provider must give AEMO information about inertia support activities and inertia network services made available by the Inertia Service Provider in accordance with clauses 5.20B.5 and 5.20B.6 and must update AEMO if there is a material change to that information.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(l)	Each Transmission Network Service Provider that is a System Strength Service Provider must make system strength services available to AEMO in accordance with clause 5.20C.3(b).
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(m)	Each Transmission Network Service Provider that is a System Strength Service Provider must give AEMO information about system strength services made available by the System Strength Service Provider in accordance with clause 5.20C.4 and must update AEMO if there is a material change to that information.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(n)	If in AEMO's reasonable opinion, there is a risk that an alteration to a network element, or the connection of any new or additional equipment to a network, will:
(1)	adversely affect network capability, power system security, quality or reliability of supply, inter-regional power transfer capability; or
(2)	the use of a network by a Network User,
AEMO may request the relevant Network Service Provider to provide the information specified in paragraph (o) and the relevant Network Service Provider must provide the information requested.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(o)	For the purposes of paragraph (n), AEMO may request the relevant Network Service Provider to provide the following information:
(1)	to AEMO and any other relevant Network Service Provider:
(i)	information about the protection systems of the equipment;
(ii)	information about the control systems of the equipment including:
(A)	a set of functional block diagrams, including all functions between feedback signals and output;
(B)	the parameters of each functional block, including all settings, gains, time constants, delays, deadbands and limits;
(C)	the characteristics of non-linear elements;
(D)	encrypted models in a form suitable for the software simulation products nominated by AEMO in the Power System Model Guidelines;
(iii)	any other information specified in the Power System Model Guidelines, Power System Design Data Sheet and Power System Setting Data Sheet;
(2)	to AEMO, model source code (in the circumstances required by the Power System Model Guidelines) associated with the model in subparagraph (ii)(D) in an unencrypted form suitable for at least one of the software simulation products nominated by AEMO in the Power System Model Guidelines, and in a form that would allow conversion for use with other software simulation products nominated by AEMO in the Power System Model Guidelines.
(p)	The information provided under paragraph (o) must contain sufficient detail for AEMO and any other relevant Network Service Provider(s) to perform power system simulation studies in accordance with the requirements and circumstances specified in the Power System Model Guidelines.
(q)	All information provided to AEMO and the relevant Network Service Provider(s) under paragraph (o) must be treated as confidential information by those recipients.
4.3.5	Market Customer obligations
(a)	All Market Customers having expected peak demands at connection points in excess of 10 MW, must provide automatic interruptible load of the type described in clause S5.1.10 of schedule 5.1. The level of this automatic interruptible load must be a minimum of 60% of their expected demand, or such other minimum interruptible load level as may be periodically determined by the Reliability Panel, to be progressively automatically disconnected following the occurrence of a power system under-frequency condition described in the power system security standards.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	Market Customers must provide their interruptible load in manageable blocks spread over a number of steps within under-frequency bands from 49.0 Hz down to 47.0 Hz as nominated by AEMO.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(c)	Any load shedding capability the subject of an ancillary services agreement or enabled as a market ancillary service can be counted as automatic interruptible load provided for the purposes of clause 4.3.5.
4.4	Power System Frequency Control
4.4.1	Power system frequency control responsibilities
AEMO must use its reasonable endeavours to:
(a)	control the power system frequency; and
(b)	ensure that the frequency operating standards set out in the power system security standards are achieved.
4.4.2	Operational frequency control requirements
To assist in the effective control of power system frequency by AEMO the following provisions apply:
(a)	AEMO may give dispatch instructions in respect of scheduled generating units, semi-scheduled generating units, scheduled loads, scheduled network services and market ancillary services pursuant to rule 4.9;
(b)	Each Generator must ensure that all of its generating units meet the technical requirements for frequency control in clause S5.2.5.11;
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(c)	AEMO must use its reasonable endeavours to arrange to be available and specifically allocated to regulating duty such generating plant as AEMO considers appropriate which can be automatically controlled or directed by AEMO to ensure that all normal load variations do not result in frequency deviations outside the limitations specified in clause 4.2.2(a); and
(d)	AEMO must use its reasonable endeavours to ensure that adequate facilities are available and are under the direction of AEMO to allow the managed recovery of the satisfactory operating state of the power system.
4.4.3	Generator protection requirements
Generators must, in accordance with schedule 5.2 and Chapter 5, provide any necessary automatically initiated protective device or systems to protect their plant and associated facilities against abnormal voltage and extreme frequency excursions of the power system.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.4.4	Instructions to enable inertia network services
(a)	Where a contingency event that would result in the islanding of an inertia sub-network has been classified as a credible contingency event or defined as a protected event:
(1)	AEMO may require a range and quantity of inertia network services to be enabled that will provide inertia to the inertia sub-network to the level required under subparagraph (2) while the contingency event remains classified or defined in that way; and
(2)	the level of inertia referred to in subparagraph (1) is:
(i)	the minimum threshold level of inertia for the inertia sub-network; or
(ii)	if the minimum threshold level of inertia for the inertia sub-network has been adjusted for inertia support activities under clause 5.20B.5(a), that adjusted level of inertia.
(b)	Where an inertia sub-network is islanded:
(1)	AEMO may enable a range and quantity of inertia network services that will provide inertia to the inertia sub-network to the level required under subparagraph (2) while the inertia sub-network remains islanded; and
(2)	the level of inertia referred to in subparagraph (1) is:
(i)	the secure operating level of inertia for the inertia sub-network; or
(ii)	if the secure operating level of inertia for the inertia sub-network has been adjusted for inertia support activities under clause 5.20B.5(a), that adjusted level of inertia.
(c)	In selecting the inertia network services to be enabled under paragraph (a) or (b), AEMO must use reasonable endeavours to select services in the order of priority specified by the Inertia Service Provider in its schedule of inertia network services given to AEMO under clause 5.20B.6(a).
(d)	For the purposes of paragraphs (a) and (b), AEMO may at any time give an instruction to an Inertia Service Provider who is providing inertia network services or a Registered Participant who has agreed with an Inertia Service Provider to provide inertia network services stating that AEMO requires inertia network services to be enabled. Where inertia network services are provided by an inertia generating unit, the instruction must be given in accordance with the procedures for giving dispatch instructions under the Rules. Otherwise, the instruction must be given in accordance with the arrangements for giving instructions applicable to the inertia network service approved by AEMO under clause 5.20B.6(e).
(e)	AEMO may at any time give an instruction stating that AEMO requires the provision of an inertia network service to cease. The instruction must be given in the manner provided for in paragraph (d).
(f)	An instruction to enable or cease providing inertia network services must include:
(1)	specific reference to the inertia network service to which the instruction applies;
(2)	the time the instruction is issued; and
(3)	the time at which the service is to be enabled or cease, if that is different from the time the instruction is issued.
(g)	An Inertia Service Provider or Registered Participant providing inertia network services must comply with an instruction given under paragraph (d) or (e).
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(h)	An Inertia Service Provider or Registered Participant providing inertia network services must ensure that appropriate personnel or electronic facilities are available at all times to receive and immediately act upon instructions issued by AEMO to enable the inertia network service or cease providing it.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.4.5	Instructions to enable system strength services
(a)	AEMO may at any time enable a range and quantity of system strength services to maintain the minimum three phase fault level at a fault level node when the three phase fault level at the  fault level node would otherwise be below the minimum three phase fault level or when reasonably considered necessary by AEMO to maintain the power system in a secure operating state.
(b)	In selecting the system strength services to be enabled under paragraph (a), AEMO must use reasonable endeavours to select services in the order of priority specified by the System Strength Service Provider in its schedule of system strength services given to AEMO under clause 5.20C.4(a).
(c)	For the purposes of paragraph (a), AEMO may at any time give an instruction to a System Strength Service Provider who is providing system strength services or a Registered Participant who has agreed with a System Strength Service Provider to provide system strength services stating that AEMO requires system strength services to be enabled. Where the system strength services are provided by a system strength generating unit, the instruction must be given in accordance with the procedures for giving dispatch instructions under the Rules. Otherwise, the instruction must be given in accordance with the arrangements for giving instructions applicable to the system strength service approved by AEMO under clause 5.20C.4(e).
(d)	AEMO may at any time give an instruction stating that AEMO requires the provision of a system strength service to cease. The instruction must be given in the manner provided for in paragraph (c).
(e)	An instruction to enable or cease providing system strength services must include:
(1)	specific reference to the system strength service to which the instruction applies;
(2)	the time the instruction is issued; and
(3)	the time at which the service is to be enabled or cease, if that is different from the time the instruction is issued.
(f)	A System Strength Service Provider or a Registered Participant providing system strength services must comply with an instruction given under paragraph (c) or (d).
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(g)	A System Strength Service Provider or a Registered Participant providing system strength services must ensure that appropriate personnel or electronic facilities are available at all times to receive and immediately act upon instructions issued by AEMO to enable the system strength service or cease providing it.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.5	Control of Power System Voltage
4.5.1	Power system voltage control
(a)	AEMO must determine the adequacy of the capacity of the power system to produce or absorb reactive power in the control of the power system voltages.
(b)	AEMO, in consultation with Network Service Providers, must assess and determine the limits of the operation of the power system associated with the avoidance of voltage failure or collapse under any credible contingency event or protected event scenario.
(c)	The limits of operation of the power system must be translated by AEMO, in consultation with Network Service Providers, into key location operational voltage settings or limits, transmission line capacity limits, reactive power production (or absorption) capacity or other appropriate limits to enable their use by AEMO in the maintenance of power system security.
(d)	The determination referred to in clause 4.5.1(b) must include a review of the dynamic stability of the voltage of the power system.
(e)	AEMO must use its reasonable endeavours to maintain voltage conditions throughout the power system so that the power system remains in a satisfactory operating state.
(f)	AEMO must use reasonable endeavours to arrange the provision of reactive power facilities and power system voltage stabilising facilities through:
(1)	ancillary services agreements in accordance with rule 3.11; or
(2)	negotiation and agreement with appropriate Network Service Providers on the use of their networks and the provision of ancillary services under network support agreements; or
(3)	obligations on the part of Registered Participants under their connection agreements.
(g)	Without limitation, such reactive power facilities may include:
(1)	synchronous generator voltage controls (rotor current adjustment) usually associated with tap-changing transformers;
(2)	synchronous condensors (compensators);
(3)	static VAR compensators (SVC);
(4)	shunt capacitors;
(5)	shunt reactors.
4.5.2	Reactive power reserve requirements
(a)	AEMO must use its reasonable endeavours to ensure that sufficient reactive power reserve is available at all times to maintain or restore the power system to a satisfactory operating state after the most critical contingency event as determined by previous analysis or by periodic contingency analysis by AEMO.
(b)	If voltages are outside acceptable limits, and the means of voltage control set out in this rule 4.5 are exhausted, AEMO must take all reasonable actions, including to direct changes to demand (through selective load shedding from the power system), additional generation operation or reduction in the transmission line flows but only to the extent necessary to restore the voltages to within the relevant limits. A Registered Participant must comply with any such direction.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.5.3	Audit and testing
AEMO must arrange, co-ordinate and supervise the conduct of appropriate tests to assess the availability and adequacy of the provision of reactive power to control and maintain power system voltages under both satisfactory operating state and contingency event conditions.
4.6	Protection of Power System Equipment
4.6.1	Power system fault levels
(a)	AEMO, in consultation with Network Service Providers, must:
(1)	determine the fault levels at all busbars of the power system as described in clause 4.6.1(b); and
(2)	determine the three phase fault level at fault level nodes.
(b)	AEMO must ensure that there are processes in place that will allow the determination of fault levels for normal operation of the power system and in anticipation of all credible contingency events and protected events that AEMO considers may affect the configuration of the power system, so that AEMO can identify:
(1)	any busbar which could potentially be exposed to a fault level which exceeds the fault current ratings of the circuit breakers associated with that busbar; and
(2)	any fault level node where the three phase fault level is likely to be below the minimum three phase fault level.
4.6.2	Power system protection co-ordination
AEMO must use its reasonable endeavours to co-ordinate in consultation with the Network Service Providers, the protection of transmission system plant and equipment that AEMO reasonably considers could affect power system security.
4.6.3	Audit and testing
AEMO must use its reasonable endeavours to co-ordinate such inspections and tests as AEMO thinks appropriate to ensure that the protection of the power system is adequate to protect against damage to power system plant and equipment.
4.6.4	Short-term thermal ratings of power system
(a)	AEMO may act so as to use, or require or recommend actions which use, the full extent of the thermal ratings of transmission elements to maintain power system security, including the short-term ratings (being time dependent ratings), as defined by the Network Service Providers from time to time.
(b)	AEMO must use its reasonable endeavours not to exceed the ratings defined by the Network Service Providers and not to require or recommend action which causes those ratings to be exceeded, to the extent that AEMO is or ought reasonably to be aware of such ratings.
4.6.5	Partial outage of power protection systems
(a)	Where there is an outage of one protection system of a transmission line, AEMO must determine, in consultation with the relevant Network Service Provider, the most appropriate action. Depending on the circumstances the determination may be:
(1)	to leave the transmission element in service for a limited duration;
(2)	to take the transmission element out of service immediately;
(3)	to install a temporary protection system;
(4)	to accept a degraded performance from the protection system, with or without additional operational measures or temporary protection measures to minimise power system impact; or
(5)	to operate the transmission element at a lower capacity.
(b)	If there is an outage of both protection systems on a transmission line and AEMO determines this to be an unacceptable risk to power system security, AEMO must take the transmission element out of service as soon as possible and advise the appropriate Network Service Provider immediately this action is undertaken.
(c)	The Network Service Provider must comply with a determination made by AEMO under this clause 4.6.5 unless, in the reasonable opinion of the Network Service Provider, it would threaten the safety of any person or cause material damage.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.6.6	System strength impact assessment guidelines
(a)	AEMO must make, publish and may amend system strength impact assessment guidelines that set out the methodology to be used by Network Service Providers when undertaking system strength impact assessments under clause 5.3.4B in relation to a proposed new connection of a generating system or market network service facility or an alteration to a generating system to which clause 5.3.9 applies.
(b)	The system strength impact assessment guidelines must:
(1)	provide for a two-stage assessment process comprising:
(i)	a preliminary assessment to screen for the need for a full assessment; and
(ii)	a full assessment;
(2)	require the full assessment to be carried out using a power system model that is reasonably appropriate for conducting system strength impact assessments and applicable to the location the transmission network or distribution network at which the facility is or may be connected and specified by AEMO from time to time for this purpose;
(3)	exclude from the assessment of an adverse system strength impact the impact on any protection system for a transmission network or distribution network;
(4)	provide guidance about the different network conditions and dispatch patterns and other relevant matters that should be examined when undertaking a full assessment;
(5)	specify the nature of the impacts that AEMO considers to be adverse system strength impacts and that must be avoided or overcome by undertaking system strength connection works or implementing a system strength remediation scheme in accordance with clause 5.3.4B;
(6)	provide guidance about the matter that must be considered when determining whether a connection or alteration will result in an adverse system strength impact;
(7)	include if applicable any thresholds below which an impact may be disregarded when determining the need for a system strength remediation scheme or system strength connection works under clause 5.3.4B; and
(8)	provide general guidance about options for system strength remediation schemes and system strength connection works.
(c)	Subject to paragraph (d), AEMO must comply with the Rules consultation procedures when making or amending the system strength impact assessment guidelines.
(d)	AEMO may make minor or administrative amendments to the system strength impact assessment guidelines without complying with the Rules consultation procedures.
(e)	AEMO  must provide the model referred to in subparagraph (b)(2) to a Local Network Service Provider or, subject to paragraph (f), to a Generator or Connection Applicant who requests the model in connection with a system strength impact assessment.
(f)	If AEMO receives a request under paragraph (e) from a Generator or a Connection Applicant:
(1)	AEMO must treat the request as if it were information reasonably required by a Registered Participant under clause 3.13.3(k)(2) and AEMO is only required to provide the model referred to in subparagraph (b)(2) (or the source code for that model) in the form contemplated by clause 3.13.3(l)(2); and
(2)	AEMO may require a Connection Applicant who is not a Registered Participant to give an undertaking in a form satisfactory to AEMO to comply with rule 8.6 as if the Connection Applicant were a Registered Participant as a condition of providing a model to the Connection Applicant under paragraph (e).
4.7	Power System Stability Co-ordination
4.7.1	Stability analysis co-ordination
(a)	AEMO must, in cooperation with the relevant Network Service Providers, apply the power system stability guidelines described in clause 4.3.4(h) to the conduct of all necessary calculations associated with the stable operation of the power system and use its reasonable endeavours to coordinate the determination of the settings of equipment used to maintain power system stability. The Network Service Providers must submit to AEMO for approval the settings of any transmission equipment used to maintain the stable operation of the power system.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	AEMO must arrange and endorse the installation of power system devices which are approved by AEMO to be necessary to assist the stable operation of the power system.
4.7.2	Audit and testing
AEMO must arrange, co-ordinate and supervise the conduct of such inspections and tests as it deems appropriate to assess the availability and adequacy of the devices installed to maintain power system stability.
4.8	Power System Security Operations
4.8.1	Registered Participants' advice
A Registered Participant must promptly advise AEMO or a relevant System Operator at the time that the Registered Participant becomes aware, of any circumstance which could be expected to adversely affect the secure operation of the power system or any equipment owned or under the control of the Registered Participant or a Network Service Provider.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.8.2	Protection or control system abnormality
(a)	If a Registered Participant becomes aware that any relevant protection system or control system is defective or unavailable for service, that Registered Participant must advise AEMO. If AEMO considers it to be a threat to power system security, AEMO may direct that the equipment protected or operated by the relevant protection system or control system be taken out of operation or operated as AEMO directs.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	A Registered Participant must comply with a direction given by AEMO under clause 4.8.2(a).
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.8.3	AEMO's advice on power system emergency conditions
(a)	AEMO must publish all relevant details promptly after AEMO becomes aware of any circumstance with respect to the power system which, in the reasonable opinion of AEMO, could be expected to materially adversely affect supply to or from Registered Participants.
(b)	Without limitation, such circumstances may include:
(1)	electricity supply capacity shortfall, being a condition where there are insufficient generation or supply options available to securely supply the total load in a region;
(2)	unexpected disruption of power system security, which may occur when:
(i)	an unanticipated major power system or generation plant contingency event occurs; or
(ii)	significant environmental or similar conditions, including weather, storms or fires, are likely to, or are affecting, the power system; or
(3)	a major supply disruption.
4.8.4	Declaration of conditions
AEMO may declare the following conditions in relation to a period of time, either present or future:
(a)	Low reserve condition – when AEMO considers that the balance of generation capacity and demand for the period being assessed does not meet the reliability standard as assessed in accordance with the reliability standard implementation guidelines.
(b)	Lack of reserve (LOR) condition – when AEMO determines, in accordance with the reserve level declaration guidelines, that the probability of load shedding (other than the reduction or disconnection of interruptible load) is, or is forecast to be, more than remote.
4.8.4A	Reserve level declaration guidelines
(a)	AEMO must make and publish guidelines (reserve level declaration guidelines) that set out how AEMO will determine a lack of reserve condition.
(b)	The reserve level declaration guidelines must:
(1)	describe how AEMO continually assesses the probability of capacity reserves being insufficient to avoid load shedding (other than the reduction or disconnection of interruptible load) given reasonably foreseeable conditions and events (probability assessment);
(2)	describe how the probability assessment applies in relation to different periods of time;
(3)	specify at least three probability levels at which AEMO will declare a corresponding lack of reserve condition in relation to a specified period of time, indicating an increasing probability of load shedding (other than the reduction or disconnection of interruptible load); and
(4)	be reviewed by AEMO at least once every four years.
(c)	The probability assessment described in the reserve level declaration guidelines must be consistent with good electricity industry practice and must take into account:
(1)	actual and forecast power system conditions and environmental or other similar conditions;
(2)	the likelihood of the occurrence and impact on the power system of events that are foreseeable in nature but unpredictable in timing; and
(3)	a prudent allowance for forecasting error.
(d)	AEMO may amend, and any person may submit a written request (with reasons) for AEMO to amend, the reserve level declaration guidelines from time to time.
(e)	When amending the reserve level declaration guidelines under paragraph (d), AEMO must comply with the Rules consultation procedures, except that rule 8.9 is to be read as if:
(1)	paragraphs (g) to (j) do not apply;
(2)	paragraph (k)(4) does not apply;
(3)	paragraph (k)(5) is amended to require summaries of each issue, that the consulting party reasonably considers to be material, contained in valid written submission received from Consulted Persons or in meetings, and the consulting party's response to each such submission;
(4)	the references in paragraphs (m) and (n) to "the procedures set out in this clause" are to be read as if they were references to "the procedures set out in this clause, as amended by clause 4.8.4A(e)(1) to (3)".
4.8.4B	Lack of reserve framework reporting
(a)	In this clause 4.8.4B:
reporting period means the period beginning on 16 January 2018 and ending on 31 March 2018, and each calendar quarter thereafter.
(b)	AEMO must publish a report (lack of reserve framework report ) within one month following the end of each reporting period.
(c)	The purpose of the lack of reserve framework report is to inform Registered Participants about the implementation of the reserve level declaration guidelines and to provide AEMO's high level analysis of how the lack of reserve framework is operating during the relevant reporting period.
(d)	Each lack of reserve framework report must include:
(1)	AEMO's observations of any trends in when and why lack of reserve conditions are being declared under the reserve level declaration guidelines; and
(2)	a summary of the leading factors or causes of any lack of reserve conditions declared,
during the relevant reporting period.
4.8.5	Managing declarations of conditions
(a)	AEMO must as soon as reasonably practicable publish any declaration under clause 4.8.4.
(a1)	The publication of any such declaration must, to the extent reasonably practicable, include the following:
(1)	the nature and extent of the low reserve or lack of reserve condition; and
(2)	the time period over which the low reserve or lack of reserve condition applies.
(b)	If AEMO makes a declaration under clause 4.8.4, AEMO must use its reasonable endeavours to follow the processes set out in clauses 4.8.5A and 4.8.5B.
(c)	Following a declaration under clause 4.8.4, AEMO must as soon as reasonably practicable publish notice of:
(1)	any cancellation of that declaration; or
(2)	any significant change in the low reserve or lack of reserve condition due to changed positions of Scheduled Network Service Providers, Market Customers, Semi-Scheduled Generators and Scheduled Generators or due to other reasons.
4.8.5A	Determination of the latest time for AEMO intervention
(a)	AEMO must immediately publish a notice of any foreseeable circumstances that may require AEMO to implement a AEMO intervention event.
(b)	A notice referred to in paragraph (a) must include the forecast circumstances creating the need for the AEMO intervention event.
(c)	AEMO must, as soon as reasonably practicable after the publication of a notice in accordance with paragraph (a), estimate and publish the latest time at which it would need to intervene through a AEMO intervention event should the response from the market not be such as to obviate the need for the AEMO intervention event.
(d)	In order to estimate the time referred to in paragraph (c), AEMO may request information from a Scheduled Network Service Provider, Scheduled Generator, Semi-Scheduled Generator or Market Customer and may specify the time within which that information is to be provided.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(e)	The information that AEMO may request in accordance with paragraph (d) may include, but is not limited to:
(1)	plant status;
(2)	any expected or planned plant outages and the MW capacity affected by the outage, proposed start date and time and expected end date and time associated with the outage and an indication of the possibility of deferring the outage; and
(3)	estimates of the relevant costs to be incurred by the Scheduled Network Service Provider, Scheduled Generator or Market Customer should it be the subject of a direction, but only if AEMO considers it reasonably likely that such Scheduled Network Service Provider, Scheduled Generator or Market Customer will be subject to a direction.
(f)	A Scheduled Network Service Provider, Scheduled Generator or Semi-Scheduled Generator or Market Customer must use reasonable endeavours:
(1)	to comply with a request for information under paragraph (d); and
(2)	to provide AEMO with the information required in the time specified by AEMO.
(g)	AEMO must regularly review its estimate of the latest time at which it would need to intervene through an AEMO intervention event, and publish any revisions to the estimate.
(h)	AEMO must treat any information provided in response to a request under paragraph (d) as confidential information and use it for the sole purpose of assessing to which Scheduled Network Service Provider, Market Customer or Scheduled Generator it should issue directions.
4.8.5B	Notifications of last time of AEMO intervention
If the latest practicable time for an AEMO intervention event, as estimated by AEMO under clause 4.8.5A, is reached and, taking into account relevant AEMO intervention events, the circumstances described under clause 4.8.5A(a) have not been alleviated, AEMO must to the extent reasonably practicable immediately:
(a)	publish a notice that AEMO:
(1)	considers the time for the negotiation of further reserve contracts in accordance with rule 3.20 has elapsed; and
(2)	intends to implement an AEMO intervention event; and
(b)	amend the pre-dispatch schedule to ensure that it is a physically realisable schedule for all periods in which AEMO intends to implement an AEMO intervention event.
4.8.6	[Deleted]
4.8.7	Managing a power system contingency event
(a)	During the period when the power system is affected by a contingency event AEMO must carry out actions, in accordance with the guidelines set out in the power system security standards and its obligations concerning sensitive loads, to:
(1)	identify the impact of the contingency event on power system security in terms of the capability of generating units or transmission or distribution networks; and
(2)	identify and implement the actions required in each affected region to restore the power system to its satisfactory operating state.
(b)	When contingency events lead to potential or actual electricity supply shortfall events, AEMO must follow the procedures outlined in clause 4.8.9.
4.8.8	[Deleted]
4.8.9	Power to issue directions and clause 4.8.9 instructions
(a)	Notwithstanding any other provision of rule 4.8:
(1)	AEMO may require a Registered Participant to do any act or thing if AEMO is satisfied that it is necessary to do so to maintain or re-establish the power system to a secure operating state, a satisfactory operating state, or a reliable operating state; and
(2)	AEMO may authorise a person to do any of the things contemplated by section 116 of the National Electricity Law if AEMO is satisfied that it is necessary to do so for reasons of public safety or the security of the electricity system.
(a1)	If AEMO, or a person authorised by AEMO, requires a Registered Participant to:
(1)	take action as contemplated by clause 4.8.9(a) or section 116 of the National Electricity Law in relation to scheduled plant or a market generating unit, AEMO is taken to have issued a direction; or
(2)	take some other action contemplated by clause 4.8.9(a) or section 116 of the National Electricity Law, AEMO is taken to have issued a clause 4.8.9 instruction.
(a2)	AEMO must use reasonable endeavours to ensure that persons authorised by AEMO under clause 4.8.9(a)(2) follow all relevant processes in clause 4.8 prior to issuing a direction, unless it is not reasonably practical to do so.
(b)	AEMO must develop, and may amend from time to time, in accordance with the Rules consultation procedures, procedures for the issuance of directions. Such procedures must reflect the following principles:
(1)	AEMO must use its reasonable endeavours to minimise any cost related to directions and compensation to Affected Participants and Market Customers pursuant to clause 3.12.2 and compensation to Directed Participants pursuant to clauses 3.15.7 and 3.15.7A;
(2)	a direction should be revoked as soon as AEMO determines that the direction is no longer required;
(3)	AEMO must take into account any applicable guidelines issued by the Reliability Panel;
(4)	AEMO must observe its obligations under clause 4.3.2 concerning sensitive loads;
(5)	AEMO must expressly notify a Directed Participant that AEMO's requirement or that of another person authorised by AEMO pursuant to clause 4.8.9(a) is a direction.
(c)	A Registered Participant must use its reasonable endeavours to comply with a direction or clause 4.8.9 instruction unless to do so would, in the Registered Participant's reasonable opinion, be a hazard to public safety, or materially risk damaging equipment, or contravene any other law.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(c1)	Subject to clause 4.8.9(c) a Registered Participant must use its best endeavours to comply with a direction or clause 4.8.9 instruction in accordance with the timeframe specified by AEMO in the direction or clause 4.8.9 instruction.
(c2)	A Market Participant must not by any act or omission, whether intentionally or recklessly, cause or significantly contribute to the circumstances causing a direction to be issued, without reasonable cause.
(d)	A Registered Participant must immediately notify AEMO of its inability to comply or its intention not to comply with a direction or clause 4.8.9 instruction.
(e)	If a Registered Participant does not comply with a direction or clause 4.8.9 instruction, it must within 2 business days of the direction or clause 4.8.9 instruction deliver to AEMO and the AER a report detailing the reasons for the non compliance together with all relevant facts.
(f)	AEMO must publish a report in accordance with clause 3.13.6A.
(g)	Any Registered Participant who is aware of a failure to comply with a direction or clause 4.8.9 instruction or who believes any such failure has taken place must notify AEMO and the AER in writing and as soon as practicable of that fact.
(h)	If AEMO issues a direction or clause 4.8.9 instruction, AEMO may, to give effect to the direction or clause 4.8.9 instruction:
(1)	submit, update or vary dispatch bids, dispatch offers or rebids in relation to the plant of Directed Participants and Affected Participants;
(2)	change other inputs to the dispatch process; or
(3)	select a Market Participant or Market Participants to become Affected Participants to implement clause 3.8.1(b)(11).
(i)	When issuing clause 4.8.9 instructions to implement load shedding across interconnected regions, AEMO must use reasonable endeavours to implement load shedding in an equitable manner as specified in the power system security standards, taking into account the power transfer capability of the relevant networks.
(j)	When issuing clause 4.8.9 instructions to implement load shedding, AEMO must comply with its obligations under clauses 4.3.2(e) to (l) and Part 8 of the National Electricity Law.
4.8.9A	System security directions
(a)	Notwithstanding any other provision of the Rules, a Registered Participant must follow any direction issued by or on behalf of AEMO and with which that Registered Participant is required to comply under Chapter 4 or section 116 of the National Electricity Law.
(b)	Any event or action required to be performed pursuant to a direction issued under Chapter 4 or section 116 of the National Electricity Law on or by a stipulated day is required by the Rules to occur on or by that day, whether or not a business day.
(c)	Any failure to observe such a direction will be deemed to be a breach of the Rules.
(d)	AEMO or any Registered Participant who is aware of any such failure must notify the AER in writing of the failure.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.8.10	Disconnection of generating units and market network services
(a)	Where, under the Rules, AEMO has the authority or responsibility to disconnect a generating unit or a market network service, then it may do so (either directly or through any agent) as described in rule 5.9.
(b)	The relevant Generator or Market Network Service Provider must provide all reasonable assistance to AEMO for the purpose of such disconnection.
4.8.11	[Deleted]
4.8.12	System restart plan and local black system procedures
(a)	AEMO must prepare, and may amend, a system restart plan for the purpose of managing and coordinating system restoration activities during any major supply disruption.
(a1)	The system restart plan must cover the entire national grid but may consist of one or more separable components.
(a2)	For the purposes of section 54A(2) of the National Electricity Law, AEMO may disclose the whole or any component of the system restart plan to:
(1)	a Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator;
(2)	a Network Service Provider;
(3)	a Generator contracted to provide SRAS;
(4)	any other Registered Participant whose assistance AEMO considers is necessary for the implementation of the system restart plan,
for the purposes of preparing for, and participating in, system restoration activities during a major supply disruption.
(a3)	A Jurisdictional System Security Coordinator to whom the whole or any component of the system restart plan is provided to under paragraph (a2)(1) is deemed to be a Registered Participant for the purposes of Part C of Chapter 8.
(b)	The system restart plan is confidential information.
(c)	The system restart plan must be consistent with the system restart standard.
(d)	Each Generator and Network Service Provider must develop local black system procedures in accordance with the guidelines referred to in clause 4.8.12(e). A Generator's or Network Service Provider's local black system procedures must be consistent with any ancillary services agreement to provide system restart ancillary services to which that Generator or Network Service Provider is a party. On request from AEMO, or as a result of a significant change of circumstances, a Generator or Network Service Provider must review, and amend if appropriate, its local black system procedures.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(e)	Subject to clause 4.8.12(f), AEMO must develop and publish, and may amend, guidelines for the preparation of local black system procedures in consultation with Generators and Network Service Providers.
(f)	Local black system procedures must:
(1)	provide sufficient information to enable AEMO to understand the likely condition and capabilities of plant following any major supply disruption such that AEMO is able to effectively co-ordinate the safe implementation of the system restart plan; and
(2)	appropriately incorporate any relevant energy support arrangements to which a Generator or Network Service Provider may be party.
(g)	Each Generator and Network Service Provider must submit its local black system procedures, including any amendments to those procedures, to AEMO for approval. In considering whether to grant approval, AEMO must take into account the consistency of the local black system procedures with:
(1)	the guidelines referred to in clause 4.8.12(e); and
(2)	relevant components of the system restart plan.
(h)	AEMO may request amendments to local black system procedures, including, without limitation, imposing conditions in respect of any energy support arrangement as AEMO reasonably considers necessary to ensure the integrity of the system restart plan. When requesting amendments to the local black system procedures, AEMO must provide reasons for those requested amendments.
(i)	Requests by AEMO for amendments under clause 4.8.12(h) must be by notice in writing to a Generator or Network Service Provider. Reasonable requests by AEMO for amendments under clause 4.8.12(h) must be complied with by a Generator or Network Service Provider.
(j)	AEMO and Network Service Providers must jointly develop communication protocols to facilitate the exchange of all information relevant to the roles played by AEMO, Network Service Providers, Generators and Customers in the implementation of the system restart plan.
4.8.13	[Deleted]
4.8.14	Power system restoration
(a)	AEMO must notify a Registered Participant if, in AEMO's reasonable opinion, there is a major supply disruption which is affecting, or which may affect, that Registered Participant.
(b)	If AEMO advises a Generator or Network Service Provider of a major supply disruption, or if the terms of the relevant local black system procedures require the Generator or Network Service Provider to take action, then the Generator or Network Service Provider must comply with the requirements of the local black system procedures as quickly as is practicable.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(c)	Where in AEMO's reasonable opinion the system restart plan cannot be implemented to effectively ameliorate the actual power system conditions created by a major supply disruption, AEMO may adapt or vary the system restart plan as it considers reasonably necessary to suit those actual power system conditions.
(d)	If there is a major supply disruption, a Generator or Network Service Provider must comply with AEMO's directions or clause 4.8.9 instructions regarding the restoration of the power system.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(e)	If there is a major supply disruption, a Market Customer must comply with AEMO's directions with respect to the timing and magnitude of load restoration.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.8.15	Review of operating incidents
(a)	For the purposes of this clause 4.8.15:
Reviewable operating incident means:
(1)	an incident comprising:
(i)	a non-credible contingency event or multiple contingency events on the transmission system; or
(ii)	a black system condition; or
(iii)	an event where the frequency of the power system is outside limits specified in the power system security standards; or
(iv)	an event where the power system is not in a secure operating state for more than 30 minutes; or
(v)	an event where AEMO issues a clause 4.8.9 instruction for load shedding,
being an incident identified, in accordance with guidelines determined by the Reliability Panel under rule 8.8, to be of significance to the operation of the power system or a significant deviation from normal operating conditions; or
(2)	an incident where AEMO has been responsible for the disconnection of facilities of a Registered Participant under the circumstances described in clause 5.9.5; or
(3)	any other operating incident identified, in accordance with guidelines determined by the Reliability Panel under rule 8.8, to be of significance to the operation of the power system or a significant deviation from normal operating conditions;
but does not include an incident in respect of which AEMO is required to conduct a review under clause 3.14.3(c).
(b)	AEMO must conduct a review of every reviewable operating incident in order to assess the adequacy of the provision and response of facilities or services, and the appropriateness of actions taken to restore or maintain power system security.
(c)	AEMO must prepare a report on the review of a reviewable operating incident, and where that report relates to an incident described in clause 4.8.15(a)(1) or (3), AEMO must make the report available to Registered Participants and to the public.
(ca)	With respect to a report that has been prepared by AEMO in accordance with clause 4.8.15(a)(1) or (3) that relates to an operating incident involving a non-credible contingency event, the report must include details of how the re-classification criteria published under clause 4.2.3B were assessed and applied in the context of that non-credible contingency event.
(d)	Where AEMO has been responsible for the disconnection of facilities of a Registered Participant under the circumstances described in clause 5.9.5, AEMO must provide a report on that review to the Registered Participant, the AEMC and the AER advising of the circumstances requiring that action.
(e)	A Registered Participant must co-operate in any review conducted by AEMO including making available relevant records and information.
(f)	AEMO may request a Registered Participant to provide such information relating to the performance of equipment of that Registered Participant during and after reviewable operating incidents, as AEMO reasonably requires for the purposes of analysing or reporting on the incident.
(g)	A Registered Participant must provide the information requested by AEMO under clause 4.8.15(f) within 20 business days unless AEMO agrees to a longer period, taking into account:
(1)	the particular circumstances of the reviewable operating incident; and
(2)	any request made under clause 4.8.15(h).
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(h)	AEMO must as soon as practicable, provide to a Registered Participant such information relating to the performance of equipment of the Registered Participant during and after a reviewable operating incident as the Registered Participant reasonably requests and in relation to which AEMO is required to conduct a review under this clause 4.8.15.
(i)	At any time when no guidelines are in force under rule 8.8, AEMO may conduct a review of any incident referred to in clause 4.8.15(a)(1) that AEMO considers to be of significance to the operation of the power system or a significant deviation from normal operating conditions, and this clause 4.8.15 applies to and in respect of the review as if the incident were a reviewable operating incident.
4.9	Power System Security Related Market Operations
4.9.1	Load forecasting
(a)	AEMO must produce (at the intervals indicated and in accordance with the timetable) an indicative load forecast for each region for the periods indicated below:
(1)	each day, a forecast for the day ahead, such forecast divided into half-hourly load forecasts for each trading interval;
(2)	each day, a forecast for 2 to 7 days (inclusive) ahead, the forecasts for each day divided into half-hourly load forecasts for each trading interval;
(3)	every week, a forecast for the 24 months ahead of the day on which the forecast is produced, with a daily profile based on an estimated weekly peak load condition with allowances for weekends and holidays.
(b)	These forecasts must provide an indicative estimate of the total generation capacity required to meet the forecast load (called "forecast load (as generated)"), and an equivalent estimation of the supply required to be delivered to the relevant transmission network (called "forecast load (sent out)").
(c)	The following factors must be taken into account in the development of the load forecasts, to the extent that such are relevant to the particular forecast:
(1)	the annual load forecasts and load profiles collected by the Network Service Providers from all Registered Participants as required by schedule 5.7, including load management expectations and expected sent out generation from embedded generating units;
(2)	historic load data, including transmission losses and power station in-house use of the generated output;
(3)	weather forecasts and the current and historic weather conditions and pattern;
(4)	the incidence of major events or activities which are known to AEMO;
(5)	anticipated pumped storage loads;
(6)	official economic activity forecasts from participating jurisdictions;
(6a)	DER register information;
(6b)	demand side participation information; and
(7)	other information provided by Registered Participants.
(d)	AEMO must develop a methodology to create the indicative load forecasts.
(e)	[Deleted]
(f)	[Deleted]
(g)	The load forecasts produced by AEMO are indicative only as AEMO has no direct influence over Market Participants in their decisions about their level of demand and, accordingly, no person may claim any loss or damage from AEMO as a result of any difference between load forecasts and actual load.
4.9.2	Instructions to Scheduled Generators and Semi-Scheduled Generators
(a)	To implement central dispatch or, where AEMO has the power to direct or to instruct a Scheduled Generator or Semi-Scheduled Generator either under Chapter 3 or this Chapter, then for the purpose of giving effect to that direction or instruction, AEMO may at any time give an instruction to the Generator in relation to any of its generating units (a dispatch instruction), in accordance with clause 4.9.5(b), nominating:
(1)	whether the facilities for generation remote control by AEMO, if available, must be in service;
(2)	in the case of a scheduled generating unit, the level or schedule of power to be supplied by the generating unit over the specified period; and
(3)	in the case of a semi-scheduled generating unit, the maximum level of power to be supplied by the generating unit over the specified period.
(b)	Subject to paragraph (c), AEMO may at any time give an instruction to a Generator in relation to any of its generating units with a nameplate rating of 30MW or more, or its systems of combined nameplate rating of 30 MW or more, nominating that:
(1)	the generating unit or generating system transformer is to be set to a nominated tap position (if it has on-load tap changing capability);
(2)	the generating unit's or generating system's voltage control system set-point is to be set to give a nominated voltage; or
(3)	the generating unit or generating system is to be operated to supply or absorb a nominated level of reactive power at its connection point.
(c)	Unless otherwise provided under an ancillary services agreement, a network support agreement or a connection agreement, AEMO must not give an instruction under paragraph (b) that requires a generating unit or generating system to supply or absorb reactive power at a level outside the plant's relevant performance standard.
(d)	A Scheduled Generator or Semi-Scheduled Generator must, with respect to its generating units that have an availability offer of greater than 0 MW (whether synchronised or not), ensure that appropriate personnel are available at all times to receive and immediately act upon dispatch instructions issued by AEMO to the relevant Generator.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.9.2A	Dispatch Instructions to Scheduled Network Service Providers
(a)	Where AEMO has the power to direct or to instruct a Scheduled Network Service Provider either under Chapter 3 or this Chapter then, for the purpose of giving effect to that direction or instruction, AEMO may at any time give an instruction to a Scheduled Network Service Provider in relation to any of its scheduled network services (a dispatch instruction), in accordance with clause 4.9.5(b), nominating:
(1)	whether the facilities for remote control by AEMO, if available, must be in service; and
(2)	the level or schedule of power to be transferred by the scheduled network service over the specified period.
(b)	A Scheduled Network Service Provider must, with respect to its scheduled network services that have an availability offer of greater than 0 MW, ensure that appropriate personnel are available at all times to receive and immediately act upon dispatch instructions issued by AEMO to the Scheduled Network Service Provider.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.9.3	Instructions to Registered Participants
(a)	AEMO may, at any time, give instructions to Registered Participants to reduce their load for electricity consistent with dispatch bids made in accordance with Chapter 3 (dispatch instructions).
(b)	A Market Customer must, with respect to scheduled loads in relation to which a dispatch bid has been submitted for a particular trading interval, ensure that appropriate personnel or electronic facilities are available at all times to receive and immediately act upon dispatch instructions issued by AEMO to the Market Customer.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.9.3A	Ancillary services instructions
(a)	AEMO may at any time give an instruction (a dispatch instruction) to a Market Participant which has classified one or more of its generating units or loads as an ancillary service generating unit or an ancillary service load:
(1)	stating that the relevant generating unit or load has been selected for the provision of a market ancillary service;
(2)	stating the market ancillary service concerned; and
(3)	nominating the range to be enabled.
(b)	AEMO may at any time give an instruction (a dispatch instruction) to:
(1)	an NMAS provider with whom AEMO has an ancillary services agreement in relation to the provision of non-market ancillary services under that ancillary services agreement or which AEMO is otherwise entitled to give under that ancillary service agreement; or
(2)	a Network Service Provider in relation to the provision of any non-market ancillary services or similar services provided under any connection agreement or network support agreement.
(c)	A Market Participant which has:
(1)	classified one or more of its generating units or loads as an ancillary service generating unit or an ancillary service load; and
(2)	submitted a market ancillary service offer in respect of that generating unit or load,
must ensure that appropriate personnel or electronic facilities are available at all times to receive and immediately act upon dispatch instructions issued to the Market Participant by AEMO.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(d)	An NMAS provider with whom AEMO has an ancillary services agreement must ensure that appropriate personnel or electronic facilities are available in accordance with that agreement at all times to receive and immediately act upon dispatch instructions issued to that NMAS provider by AEMO.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.9.3B	Compliance with dispatch instructions
(a)	A dispatch instruction applies from the time it is given (or any later time specified in the dispatch instruction) until the earlier of:
(1)	the cessation time specified in the dispatch instruction (if any); or
(2)	the time when the next dispatch instruction applies.
4.9.4	Dispatch related limitations on Scheduled Generators and Semi-Scheduled Generators
A Scheduled Generator or Semi-Scheduled Generator (as the case may be) must not, unless in the Generator's reasonable opinion, public safety would otherwise be threatened or there would be a material risk of damaging equipment or the environment:
(a)	send out any energy from the generating unit, except:
(1)	in accordance with a dispatch instruction;
(2)	in response to remote control signals given by AEMO or its agent;
(3)	in connection with a test conducted in accordance with the requirements of this Chapter or Chapter 5; or
(4)	in the case of a scheduled generating unit:
(i)	in accordance with the self-commitment procedures specified in clause 4.9.6 up to the self-dispatch level; or
(ii)	as a consequence of operation of the generating unit's automatic frequency response mode to power system conditions;
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	adjust the transformer tap position or excitation control system voltage set-point of a scheduled generating unit or semi-scheduled generating unit except:
(1)	in accordance with a dispatch instruction;
(2)	in response to remote control signals given by AEMO or its agent;
(3)	if, in the Generator's reasonable opinion, the adjustment is urgently required to prevent material damage to the Generator's plant or associated equipment, or in the interests of safety; or
(4)	in connection with a test conducted in accordance with the requirements of rule 5.7;
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(c)	energise a connection point in relation to a generating unit without obtaining approval from AEMO immediately prior to energisation;
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(d)	synchronise or de-synchronise a scheduled generating unit with a nameplate rating of 30MW or more, without prior approval from AEMO or other than in response to a dispatch instruction except:
(1)	de-synchronisation as a consequence of the operation of automatic protection equipment; or
(2)	where such action is urgently required to prevent material damage to plant or equipment or in the interests of safety;
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(e)	change the frequency response mode of a scheduled generating unit without the prior approval of AEMO; or
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(f)	remove from service or interfere with the operation of any power system stabilising equipment installed on that generating unit.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.9.4A	Dispatch related limitations on Scheduled Network Service Providers
A Scheduled Network Service Provider must not, unless in the Scheduled Network Service Provider's reasonable opinion public safety would otherwise be threatened or there would be a material risk of damaging equipment or the environment:
(a)	energise a connection point in relation to a scheduled network service without prior approval from AEMO. This approval must be obtained immediately prior to energisation; or
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	synchronise a scheduled network service to, or de-synchronise a scheduled network service from, the power system without prior approval from AEMO except de-synchronisation as a consequence of the operation of automatic protection equipment or where such action is urgently required to prevent material damage to plant or equipment or in the interests of safety.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.9.5	Form of dispatch instructions
(a)	A dispatch instruction for a scheduled generating unit, semi-scheduled generating unit, scheduled network service or scheduled load must include the following:
(1)	specific reference to the generating unit (including any aggregated generating unit), scheduled network service or scheduled load or other facility to which the dispatch instruction applies;
(2)	the desired outcome of the dispatch instruction (if applicable) such as active power, reactive power, transformer tap or other outcome;
(3)	in the case of a dispatch instruction under clause 4.9.2, the ramp rate (if applicable) which is to be followed by the generating unit or a specific target time to reach the outcome specified in the dispatch instruction;
(4)	the time the dispatch instruction is issued;
(5)	if the time at which the dispatch instruction is to take effect is different from the time the dispatch instruction is issued, the start time; and
(6)	in the case of a dispatch instruction for a semi-scheduled generating unit:
(i)	a notification as to whether the dispatch interval to which the dispatch instruction relates is a semi-dispatch interval or a non semi-dispatch interval; and
(ii)	the dispatch level.
(a1)	A dispatch instruction for an ancillary service must include:
(1)	specific reference to the generating unit or load to which the dispatch instruction applies;
(2)	the desired outcome of the dispatch instruction;
(3)	the time the dispatch instruction is issued; and
(4)	if the time at which the dispatch instruction is to take effect is different from the time the dispatch instruction is issued, the start time.
(b)	The dispatch instruction must be provided as provided in clause 3.8.21.
4.9.6	Commitment of scheduled generating units
(a)	Self-commitment:
(1)	In relation to any scheduled generating unit, the Scheduled Generator must confirm with AEMO the expected synchronising time at least one hour before the expected actual synchronising time, and update this advice 5 minutes before synchronising unless otherwise agreed with AEMO. AEMO may require further notification immediately before synchronisation.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(2)	The Scheduled Generator must advise AEMO when a generating unit reaches the self-dispatch level (being a self-dispatch level that is greater than zero MW) and must not increase output above that level unless instructed otherwise by AEMO to increase output or unless the increase in output results from the generating unit being placed under remote control to be loaded in accordance with Chapter 3.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	Instructions by AEMO to commit a generating unit for service:
(1)	A dispatch instruction for a scheduled generating unit to commit given by AEMO in response to a dispatch offer must be consistent with the start-up time specified in the latest dispatch offer in relation to the generating unit.
(2)	When AEMO issues a dispatch instruction to a generating unit for commitment, AEMO must nominate the time at which the generating unit is to be synchronised.
(3)	After a dispatch instruction for commitment of a generating unit has been issued, the relevant Scheduled Generator must promptly advise AEMO of any inability to meet the nominated time to synchronise.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(4)	Unless instructed otherwise by AEMO, at the time a dispatch instruction to commit takes effect, the relevant generating unit must remain on self-dispatch level until AEMO issues a further dispatch instruction.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.9.7	De-commitment, or output reduction, by Scheduled Generators
(a)	In relation to any scheduled generating unit, the Scheduled Generator must confirm with AEMO the expected de-synchronising time at least one hour before the expected actual de-synchronising time, and update this advice 5 minutes before de-synchronising unless otherwise agreed with AEMO. AEMO may require further notification immediately before de-synchronisation.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	The Scheduled Generator must not de-commit a generating unit unless it has confirmed with AEMO:
(1)	the time to commence decreasing the output of the generating unit;
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(2)	the ramp rate to decrease the output of the generating unit;
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(3)	the time to de-synchronise the generating unit; and
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(4)	the output from which the generating unit is to be de-synchronised.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.9.8	General responsibilities of Registered Participants
(a)	A Registered Participant must comply with a dispatch instruction given to it by AEMO unless to do so would, in the Registered Participant's reasonable opinion, be a hazard to public safety or materially risk damaging equipment.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	A Scheduled Generator must ensure that each of its scheduled generating units is at all times able to comply with the latest generation dispatch offer under Chapter 3 in respect of that generating unit.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b1)	A Scheduled Network Service Provider must ensure that each of its scheduled network services is at all times able to comply with the latest network dispatch offer under Chapter 3 in respect of that market network service.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(c)	A Registered Participant must ensure that each of its facilities is at all times able to comply with any relevant dispatch bid under Chapter 3 in respect of the facility (as adjusted by any subsequent restatement of that bid under Chapter 3).
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(d)	A Market Participant which has classified a generating unit or load as an ancillary service generating unit or an ancillary service load, as the case may be, must ensure that the ancillary service generating unit or ancillary service load is at all times able to comply with the latest market ancillary service offer for the relevant trading interval.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(e)	A Semi-Scheduled Generator must ensure that each of its semi-scheduled generating units is at all times able to comply with its latest generation dispatch offer.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.9.9	Scheduled Generator plant changes
A Scheduled Generator must, without delay, notify AEMO of any event which has changed or is likely to change the operational availability of any of its scheduled generating units, whether the relevant generating unit is synchronised or not, as soon as the Scheduled Generator becomes aware of the event.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.9.9A	Scheduled Network Service Provider plant changes
A Scheduled Network Service Provider must, without delay, notify AEMO of any event which has changed or is likely to change the operational availability of any of its scheduled network services as soon as the Scheduled Network Service Provider becomes aware of the event.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.9.9B	Ancillary service plant changes
A Market Participant which has classified a generating unit or load as an ancillary service generating unit or an ancillary service load must, without delay, notify AEMO of any event which has changed or is likely to change the availability of a market ancillary service, or the capability of the generating unit or load to respond in the manner contemplated by the market ancillary service specification, as soon as the Market Participant becomes aware of the event.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.9.9C	Inertia network service availability changes
An Inertia Service Provider must, without delay, notify AEMO of any event which has changed or is likely to change the availability of any inertia support activity or inertia network service made available by the Inertia Service Provider to AEMO, as soon as the Inertia Service Provider becomes aware of the event.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.9.9D	System strength service availability changes
A System Strength Service Provider must, without delay, notify AEMO of any event which has changed or is likely to change the availability of any system strength services made available by the System Strength Service Provider to AEMO under clause 5.20C.3, as soon as the System Strength Service Provider becomes aware of the event.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.10	Power System Operating Procedures
4.10.1	Power system operating procedures
(a)	The power system operating procedures are:
(1)	any instructions which may be issued by AEMO from time to time covering market operations and relating to the operation of the power system;
(2)	any guidelines issued from time to time by AEMO in relation to power system security;
(3)	regional specific power system operating procedures covering the operational activities and associated responsibilities of the relevant Network Service Provider and any Registered Participants connected to the relevant transmission network and operational activities for operational elements of the transmission network which interface with Scheduled Generators and other Registered Participants including, but not limited to, those relating to sensitive loads and emergency frequency control schemes;
(4)	the load shedding procedures and EFCS settings schedules; and
(5)	any other procedures, instructions or guidelines which AEMO nominates to be and advises to Registered Participants as being power system operating procedures from time to time.
(b)	AEMO must compile the regional specific power system operating procedures in conjunction with the relevant Network Service Providers and the relevant Jurisdictional System Security Coordinators to the extent required under clause 4.10.1(a)(3).
(c)	AEMO must ensure that the various elements of the power system operating procedures are consistent with the load shedding procedures and EFCS settings schedules.
4.10.2	Transmission network operations
(a)	AEMO must exercise any power granted to it by the Rules or the power system operating procedures to:
(1)	approve the manner in which operations are carried out on a transmission network by the relevant Network Service Provider; or
(2)	instruct the relevant Network Service Provider to take any action on the transmission network,
in accordance with the appropriate power system operating procedures.
(b)	A Registered Participant must observe the requirements of the relevant power system operating procedures.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(c)	Any equipment interfacing with a transmission network must be operated in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 5, any applicable connection agreement, ancillary services agreement, network support agreement, inertia services agreement, system strength services agreement and the associated power system operating procedures.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(d)	Registered Participants must ensure that transmission network operations performed on their behalf are undertaken by authorised persons advised in writing to AEMO.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(e)	AEMO must ensure the regular review and update of the regional specific power system operating procedures.
4.10.3	Operating interaction with distribution networks
(a)	AEMO and each Distribution System Operator must maintain effective communications concerning the conditions of its distribution network and the transmission network or other distribution network to which that distribution network is connected and to co-ordinate activities where operations are anticipated to affect other transmission or distribution networks.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	AEMO must use its reasonable endeavours to give at least 3 days' notice to all affected Distribution System Operators prior to a Transmission Network Service Provider carrying out switching related to a transmission network which could reasonably be expected to affect security of supply to any distribution network.
4.10.4	Switching of a Distributor's high voltage networks
(a)	A Distribution System Operator must use reasonable endeavours to give AEMO at least 3 days' prior notice of plans to carry out switching related to the high voltage network which could reasonably be expected to materially affect power flows at points of connection to a transmission network. The Distribution System Operator must also notify AEMO immediately prior to carrying out any such switching.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	A Distribution System Operator must provide confirmation to AEMO of any such switching immediately after it has occurred.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.10.5	Switching of reactive power facilities
(a)	AEMO may instruct a Distribution System Operator to place reactive power facilities belonging to or controlled by that Distribution System Operator into or out of service for the purposes of maintaining power system security where prior arrangements concerning these matters have been made between AEMO and the Distribution System Operator.
(b)	Without limitation to its obligations under such prior arrangements, a Distribution System Operator must use reasonable endeavours to comply with such an instruction given by AEMO or its authorised agent.
4.10.6	Automatic reclose
(a)	A Network Service Provider or a Distribution System Operator may request AEMO to disable or enable automatic reclose equipment in relation to a particular transmission or distribution network circuit or a feeder connecting its distribution network to a transmission network which has automatic reclose equipment installed on it.
(b)	If a Distribution System Operator makes such a request, then AEMO must use reasonable endeavours to comply with the request as soon as reasonably practical.
(c)	AEMO is not responsible for the consequences of automatic reclosure in relation to a circuit or a feeder and the Distribution System Operator must indemnify AEMO against any loss or damage arising out of AEMO complying with such a request unless the loss or damage is due to the failure by AEMO to comply with the request within a reasonable period of time.
4.10.7	Inspection of facilities by AEMO
AEMO may inspect a facility of a Registered Participant as specified in clause 5.7.1.
4.11	Power System Security Support
4.11.1	Remote control and monitoring devices
(a)	All remote control, operational metering and monitoring devices and local circuits as described in schedules 5.2, 5.3 and 5.3a, must be installed and maintained in accordance with the standards and protocols determined and advised by AEMO (for use in the control centres) for each:
(1)	scheduled generating unit and semi-scheduled generating unit connected to the transmission or distribution network; and
(2)	substation connected to the network.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	The provider of any ancillary services, system strength services or inertia network services must arrange the installation and maintenance of all remote control equipment and remote monitoring equipment in accordance with the standards and protocols determined and advised by AEMO for use in the relevant control centre.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(c)	The control and monitoring devices must include provision for indication of active power and reactive power output, provision for signalling the status and any associated alarm condition relevant to achieving adequate control of the transmission network, and provision for indication of generating plant active and reactive output.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(d)	Where reasonably necessary to allow AEMO to discharge its market and power system security functions AEMO may, by notice in writing, require a Network Service Provider, a Generator or a Market Network Service Provider to:
(1)	install remote monitoring equipment which, in AEMO's reasonable opinion, is adequate to enable AEMO to remotely monitor the performance of a transmission system or distribution system, generating unit (including its dynamic performance) or a market network service facility as appropriate; and
(2)	upgrade, modify or replace any remote monitoring equipment already installed in a facility provided that the existing remote monitoring equipment is, in the reasonable opinion of AEMO, no longer fit for the intended purpose.
(e)	A Network Service Provider, Generator or Market Network Service Provider who receives a notice in accordance with clause 4.11.1(d), must comply with the notice within 120 business days or such further period that AEMO requires.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(f)	[Deleted]
(g)	A Generator or Market Network Service Provider wishing to receive dispatch instructions electronically from AEMO's automatic generation control system under clause 3.8.21(d) must comply with AEMO's reasonable requirements in respect of how the remote control signals are issued by the automatic generation control system and transmitted to the facility.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
4.11.2	Operational control and indication communication facilities
(a)	Each Network Service Provider must provide and maintain, in accordance with the standards referred to in clause 4.11.2(c), the necessary primary and, where nominated by AEMO, back-up communications facilities for control, operational metering and indication from the relevant local sites to the appropriate interfacing termination as nominated by AEMO.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	AEMO must provide and maintain the communication facilities between control centres of each Transmission Network Service Provider, on the one hand, and the AEMO co-ordinating centre, on the other hand.
(c)	AEMO must develop, and may amend, standards in consultation with Network Service Providers in accordance with the Rules consultation procedures which must be met by Network Service Providers in providing and maintaining the facilities referred to in clause 4.11.2(a).
(d)	[Deleted]
4.11.3	Power system voice/data operational communication facilities
(a)	Network Service Providers, System Operators, Distribution System Operators, Generators and Market Participants must advise AEMO of each nominated person for the purposes of giving or receiving operational communications in relation to each of its facilities. The persons so nominated must be those responsible for undertaking the operation of the relevant equipment of the relevant Registered Participant.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	Contact personnel details which must be forwarded to AEMO include:
(1)	title of contact personnel;
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(2)	the telephone numbers of those personnel;
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(3)	the telephone numbers of other available communication systems in relation to the relevant facility;
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(4)	a facsimile number for the relevant facility; and
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(5)	an electronic mail address for the relevant facility.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(c)	Each Registered Participant must provide, for each nominated person, two independent telephone communication systems fully compatible with the equipment installed at the appropriate control centre nominated by AEMO.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(d)	Each Registered Participant must maintain both telephone communication systems in good repair and must investigate faults within 4 hours, or as otherwise agreed with AEMO, of a fault being identified and must repair or procure the repair of faults promptly.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(e)	Each Registered Participant must establish and maintain a form of electronic mail facility as approved by AEMO for communication purposes (such approval may not be unreasonably withheld).
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(f)	AEMO must advise all Registered Participants of nominated persons for the purposes of giving or receiving operational communications.
(g)	Contact personnel details to be provided by AEMO include title, telephone numbers, a facsimile number and an electronic mail address for the contact person.
4.11.4	Records of power system operational communication
(a)	AEMO and the System Operators must record each telephone operational communication in the form of log book entries or by another auditable method which provides a permanent record as soon as practicable after making or receiving the operational communication.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	Records of operational communications must include the time and content of each communication and must identify the parties to each communication.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(c)	Voice recordings of telephone operational communications may be undertaken by AEMO and the System Operators. AEMO and the System Operators must ensure that, when a telephone conversation is being recorded under this clause, the persons having the conversation receive an audible indication that the conversation is being recorded. Voice recordings may be used as an alternative to written logs.
(d)	AEMO and the System Operators must retain all operational communications records including voice recordings for a minimum of 7 years.
(e)	In the event of a dispute involving an operational communication, the records of that operational communication maintained by, or on behalf of, AEMO will constitute prima facie evidence of the contents of the operational communication.
(f)	Any recordings made in accordance with this clause 4.11.4 must be made in accordance with the provisions of all applicable privacy laws.
4.11.5	Agent communications
(a)	A Registered Participant may appoint an agent (called a Registered Participant Agent) to co-ordinate operations of one or more of its facilities on its behalf, but only with the prior written consent of AEMO.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	A Registered Participant which has appointed a Registered Participant Agent may replace that Registered Participant Agent but only with the prior written consent of AEMO.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(c)	AEMO may only withhold its consent to the appointment of a Registered Participant Agent under clause 4.11.5(a) or (b) if it reasonably believes that the relevant person is not suitably qualified or experienced to operate the relevant facility.
(d)	For the purposes of the Rules, acts or omissions of a Registered Participant Agent are deemed to be acts or omissions of the relevant Registered Participant.
(e)	AEMO and its representatives (including authorised agents) may:
(1)	rely upon any communications given by a Registered Participant Agent as being given by the relevant Registered Participant; and
(2)	rely upon any communications given to a Registered Participant Agent as having been given to the relevant Registered Participant.
(f)	AEMO and the System Operators are not required to consider whether any instruction has been given to a Registered Participant Agent by the relevant Registered Participant or the terms of those instructions.
4.12	Nomenclature Standards
(a)	A Network Service Provider must use the nomenclature standards for transmission equipment and apparatus as agreed with AEMO or, failing agreement, as determined by AEMO.
Note
This rule is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.
(b)	A Registered Participant must use reasonable endeavours to ensure that its representatives comply with the nomenclature standards in any operational communications with AEMO.
(c)	A Registered Participant must ensure that nameplates on its equipment relevant to operations at any point within the power system conform to the requirements set out in the nomenclature standards.
Note
This rule is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.
(d)	A Registered Participant must use reasonable endeavours to ensure that nameplates on its equipment relevant to operations at any point within the power system are maintained to ensure easy and accurate identification of equipment.
(e)	A Registered Participant must ensure that technical drawings and documentation provided to AEMO comply with the nomenclature standards.
Note
This rule is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.
(f)	AEMO may, by notice in writing, request a Registered Participant to change the existing numbering or nomenclature of transmission equipment and apparatus of the Registered Participant for purposes of uniformity, and the Registered Participant must comply with such a request provided that if the existing numbering or nomenclature conforms with the nomenclature standards, AEMO must pay all reasonable costs incurred in complying with the request.
Note
This rule is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.
4.13	[Deleted]
4.14	Acceptance of Performance Standards
(a)	[Deleted]
(b)	[Deleted]
(c)	[Deleted]
(d)	[Deleted]
(e)	[Deleted]
(f)	[Deleted]
(g)	[Deleted]
(h)	[Deleted]
(i)	[Deleted]
(j)	[Deleted]
(k)	[Deleted]
(l)	[Deleted]
(m)	[Deleted]
(n)	AEMO must establish and maintain a register of the performance standards applicable to plant as advised by Registered Participants in accordance with clause 5.3.7(g)(1), clause 5.3.9(h) or established in accordance with rule 4.14.
(n1)	By 1 July each year, AEMO must provide to the AER an up-to-date copy of the register of performance standards required to be maintained under clause 4.14(n), including a copy of the corresponding performance standards.
(n2)	The AER may, at any time, request AEMO to provide:
(1)	an up-to-date copy of the register of performance standards (current as at the date of the AER's request) including a copy of the corresponding performance standards; or
(2)	a copy of the performance standards relating to specified plant,
if, in the reasonable opinion of the AER, it is required for the performance or exercise of the AER's functions.
(n3)	Following a request under subparagraph (n2), AEMO must provide the information requested within:
(1)	10 business days for a request under subparagraph (n2)(1); and
(2)	5 business days for a request under subparagraph (n2)(2),
unless the AER agrees otherwise.
(o)	AEMO or, in respect of a matter concerning the quality of supply to Network Users, AEMO in consultation with the relevant Network Service Provider, must, when determining the applicable performance standard for a particular requirement based on any provision of schedules 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and 5.3a, require a Registered Participant to meet or exceed the minimum access standard but must not require the Registered Participant to exceed the relevant automatic access standard for that requirement.
(p)	A performance standard may be amended at any time by agreement between AEMO, the relevant Registered Participant and the Network Service Provider if:
(1)	where the performance standard was established under a transitional arrangement in rule 4.16 or 4.17, the amendment is consistent with the actual plant capability agreed between AEMO, the relevant Registered Participant and the Network Service Provider, even if it is less than the relevant minimum access standard that applied to applications to connect at the time of agreement; or
(2)	the amendment satisfies all requirements for negotiated access standards under clause 5.3.4A(b); or
(3)	the amendment satisfies all requirements to be an automatic access standard.
(q)	AEMO must not withhold agreement under rule 4.14(p) on a matter that is not an AEMO advisory matter under clause 5.3.4A(a), unless the proposed amendment would adversely affect power system security.
(r)	The Network Service Provider may as a condition of considering an amendment proposed under rule 4.14(p) require payment of a fee to meet the reasonable costs anticipated to be incurred by the Network Service Provider, other Network Service Providers and AEMO, in the assessment of the proposed amendment.
(s)	The Network Service Provider must require payment of a fee under rule 4.14(r) if so requested by AEMO.
(t)	On payment of the required fee referred to in rule 4.14(r), the Network Service Provider must pay the costs anticipated to be incurred by the other Network Service Providers and AEMO, as appropriate.
4.15	Compliance with Performance Standards
(a)	A Registered Participant must:
(1)	ensure that its plant meets or exceeds the performance standard applicable to its plant; and
(2)	ensure that its plant is not likely to cause a material adverse effect on power system security through its failure to comply with a performance standard; and
(3)	immediately ensure that its plant ceases to be likely to cause a material adverse effect on power system security through its failure to comply with a performance standard, if:
(i)	the Registered Participant reasonably believes that by failing to comply with a performance standard, its plant is likely to cause a material adverse effect on power system security; or
(ii)	AEMO advises the Registered Participant that by failing to comply with a performance standard, the Registered Participant's plant is likely to cause a material adverse effect on power system security.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(b)	A Registered Participant who engages in the activity of planning, owning, controlling or operating a plant to which a performance standard applies must institute and maintain a compliance program which complies with rule 4.15(c). The compliance program must be instituted, as soon as reasonably practicable, but no later than:
(1)	6 months after the day that AEMO gives notice to the Registered Participant of registration of the performance standard under rule 4.14(n); or
(2)	6 months after the day on which the plant commences operation.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(c)	A compliance program instituted and maintained under rule 4.15(b) must:
(1)	be consistent with the template for generator compliance programs; and
(2)	include procedures to monitor the performance of the plant in a manner that is consistent with good electricity industry practice; and
(3)	be modified to be consistent with any amendments made under clause 8.8.3(ba) to the template for generator compliance programs, by no later than 6 months after amendments to the template for generator compliance programs are published or by a date determined by the Reliability Panel; and
(4)	provide reasonable assurance of ongoing compliance with each applicable performance standard.
(ca)	The template for generator compliance programs must:
(1)	cover all performance standards; and
(2)	define suitable testing and monitoring regimes for each performance standard so that a Registered Participant can select a regime that complies with the obligations set out in rules 4.15(a), 4.15(b) and 4.15(c) for their particular plant.
(d)	The AER may request that a Registered Participant, who is required to institute and maintain a compliance program in accordance with rule 4.15(b) or clause 5.7.4(a1), deliver to the AER:
(1)	the compliance program records setting out the written results of the performance monitoring conducted in accordance with rule 4.15(f) or clause 5.7.4(a2)(1); and
(2)	any other records maintained in accordance with clause 5.7.3 or clause 5.7.4, if applicable.
(e)	Each Registered Participant must maintain the compliance program records and any other records developed or maintained under clause 5.7.3 or clause 5.7.4 for 7 years and deliver such records to the AER, in accordance with rule 4.15(d), within 5 business days of the date of the request or such further period as the AER requires.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(f)	A Registered Participant who engages in the activity of planning, owning, controlling or operating a plant to which a performance standard applies must immediately notify AEMO if:
(1)	the Registered Participant becomes aware that the plant is breaching a performance standard applicable to the plant; or
(2)	the Registered Participant reasonably believes that the plant is likely to breach a performance standard applicable to the plant,
and AEMO must forward a copy of that notice to the AER and the relevant Network Service Provider no later than 5 business days from the day on which AEMO received the notice.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(g)	A notice in accordance with rule 4.15(f) must detail:
(1)	the reason for the actual or likely non-conformance of the plant with the performance standard;
(2)	the actual or likely time of commencement of non-conformance of the plant with the performance standard;
(3)	the expected duration of non-conformance of the plant with the performance standard; and
(4)	the expected performance of the plant in comparison with the performance standard.
(h)	A Registered Participant who has notified AEMO in accordance with rule 4.15(f), must notify AEMO and the relevant Network Service Provider that its plant has returned to compliance with the performance standard immediately following the Registered Participant becoming aware of the return of the plant to compliance with the performance standard.
Note
This clause is classified as a civil penalty provision under the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. (See clause 6(1) and Schedule 1 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Regulations.)
(i)	If:
(1)	a Registered Participant notifies AEMO in accordance with rule 4.15(f); or
(2)	AEMO otherwise reasonably believes that the plant of a Registered Participant, in respect of which a performance standard applies, is in breach of that performance standard,
then:
(3)	AEMO must, in accordance with rule 4.15(j), notify the Registered Participant and the relevant Network Service Provider of its determination on the period within which the Registered Participant must rectify the breach; and
(4)	AEMO must notify the AER of a breach notified in accordance with rule 4.15(i)(1) or of its reasonable belief of a breach in accordance with rule 4.15(i)(2), as the case may be; and
(5)	the Registered Participant must rectify the breach within that period, unless the Registered Participant seeks a review from the AER of the rectification period under rule 4.15(n).
(j)	AEMO must, when determining the period within which a Registered Participant is required to rectify a performance standard breach in accordance with rule 4.15(i), take into consideration:
(1)	the time that AEMO, in its reasonable opinion, considers necessary to provide the Registered Participant with the opportunity to remedy the breach; and
(2)	the impact on the operation of the NEM, including on the power system and the spot market, resulting from the breach; and
(3)	any actions required by AEMO in response to the breach.
(k)	[Deleted]
(l)	[Deleted]
(m)	[Deleted]
(n)	If AEMO notifies a Registered Participant of a rectification period under rule 4.15(i) and that Registered Participant considers that AEMO has not reasonably applied the criteria under rule 4.15(j) with respect to the rectification period, the Registered Participant may, no later than 20 business days from the day of receiving AEMO's notification on the rectification period, make an application to the AER requesting a review of AEMO's notification and the Registered Participant's reasons for a review.
(o)	If the AER receives an application under rule 4.15(n), the AER must review the application, no later than 30 business days from receiving the application, and either:
(1)	accept the rectification period determined by AEMO; or
(2)	determine the rectification period on the Registered Participant,
and provide reasons in writing for its determination to the Registered Participant, AEMO and the relevant Network Service Provider.
(p)	The Registered Participant must comply with any determination on the rectification period made under rule 4.15(o) from the day of receiving the AER's determination.
(q)	If the plant of a Registered Participant remains operating in a manner that is in breach of a performance standard for a period greater than that determined in accordance with rule 4.15(i) or 4.15(o), AEMO must notify the AER and the relevant Network Service Provider.
4.16	Transitioning arrangements for establishment of performance standards
4.16.1	Definitions
In this rule 4.16 and in rule 4.17:
actual capability of an eligible plant in respect of a performance requirement means the capability of the eligible plant in relation to that performance requirement when it is being operated under normal conditions in accordance with good electricity industry practice.
agreed performance standard means a standard of performance that:
(a)	is established as a result of that standard being accepted by NEMMCO in accordance with:
(1)	the Old rule 4.14(d)(1); or
(2)	clause 4.14(d)(1) of the National Electricity Code; and
(b)	is in respect of a performance requirement.
Amending Rule means the National Electricity Amendment (Performance Standards Compliance of Generators) Rule 2008.
deemed performance standard means a standard of performance that:
(a)	is deemed to apply in accordance with:
(1)	the Old rule 4.14(h); or
(2)	clause 4.14(h) of the National Electricity Code; and
(b)	is in respect of a performance requirement.
eligible plant means a generating unit (including a pumping generating unit) and plant associated with that generating unit in relation to which:
(a)	a person was registered as a Generator as at the performance standards commencement date; or
(b)	a connection agreement applied as at the performance standards commencement date.
Generator notice means a notice given by a Generator to NEMMCO in accordance with clause 4.16.3(c).
Generator reply notice means a notice given by a Generator to NEMMCO in accordance with clause 4.16.3(k).
initiating party has the meaning given to it in clause 4.17.2(a).
mandatory standard means a standard of performance in respect of a performance requirement that is not the subject of a minimum access standard or an automatic access standard.
National Electricity Code means the code of conduct called the National Electricity Code approved, in accordance with section 6(1) of the Old National Electricity Law, as the initial Code for the purposes of that Law, and as amended from time to time in accordance with its terms and the Old National Electricity Law.
NEMMCO notice means a notice given by NEMMCO to a Generator in accordance with clause 4.16.3(d).
NEMMCO reply notice means a notice given by NEMMCO to a Generator in accordance with clause 4.16.3(i).
Old National Electricity Law means the Schedule to the National Electricity (South Australia) Act 1996 (SA) as in force from time to time before the commencement of section 12 of the National Electricity (South Australia) (New National Electricity Law) Amendment Act 2005 (SA).
Old rule 4.14(d)(1) means the rule 4.14(d)(1) in the version of the Rules which was in force immediately prior to the commencement of the Amending Rule.
Old rule 4.14(h) means the rule 4.14(h) in the version of the Rules which was in force immediately prior to the commencement of the Amending Rule.
performance requirement means in the case of:
(a)	any generating unit (including a pumping generating unit) and plant associated with that generating unit – a requirement referred to in clause S5.2.5, S5.2.6, S5.2.8 or S5.2.9; and
(b)	a pumping generating unit and plant associated with that pumping generating unit – a requirement referred to in clause S5.3.3, S5.3.5, S5.3.6, S5.3.7 or S5.3.8.
performance standard requirements means the requirements set out in clause 4.16.5(c).
performance standards committee means the committee established by NEMMCO under clauses 4.17.1.
performance standards expert means a person engaged by NEMMCO under clause 4.17.1(j).
pumping generating unit means a generating unit that can also operate as a hydro-electric pump.
receiving party has the meaning given to it in clause 4.17.2(a).
register means the register of performance standards established and maintained by NEMMCO under rule 4.14(n).
registered performance standard in respect of an eligible plant means a performance standard (including any agreed performance standard or deemed performance standard) that is included in the register as being applicable to that eligible plant and that is in respect of a performance requirement.
4.16.2	Exclusions
For the avoidance of doubt:
(a)	this rule 4.16 does not apply in relation to any performance standard for an eligible plant where that performance standard applies to that eligible plant by virtue of clause 5.3.4A; and
(b)	nothing in this rule 4.16 is to be taken to preclude a performance standard that applies to an eligible plant by virtue of those clauses being amended or replaced in accordance with the Rules, in which case the performance standard as so amended or replaced supersedes the performance standard that applies to that eligible plant by virtue of this rule 4.16 or rule 4.17 (as the case may be).
4.16.3	Notification and acceptance of performance standards
Agreement as to performance standards
(a)	NEMMCO and a person who is registered as a Generator in relation to eligible plant may, at any time before 1 March 2007, agree to a performance standard in respect of a particular performance requirement that is to apply to that eligible plant without following the procedures set out in this clause 4.16.3, but that performance standard must be a standard which, based on the information available to NEMMCO at that time, is consistent with the performance standard requirements.
(b)	A performance standard that is agreed under paragraph (a) is to be taken as the performance standard in respect of the relevant performance requirement for that eligible plant and NEMMCO must forthwith include that standard in the register as the performance standard in respect of that performance requirement for that eligible plant.
(c)	If, as at 1 March 2007:
(1)	NEMMCO is not required to include the performance standard in the register under paragraph (b); and
(2)	NEMMCO and the Generator have not agreed that no performance standard in respect of the relevant performance requirement is to apply to that eligible plant,
NEMMCO must give a written notice to the Generator of its intention to refer the determination of the performance standard to a performance standards expert.
NEMMCO notice
(d)	As soon as reasonably practicable but by no later than 29 December 2006, NEMMCO must give to each person who is registered as a Generator in relation to any eligible plant a written notice that specifies:
(1)	the registered performance standards that apply to all eligible plants in relation to which that Generator is so registered;
(2)	which of those registered performance standards NEMMCO requires the Generator to renegotiate under clause 4.16.5(i) and in which case NEMMCO must also specify:
(i)	the power system security issue that NEMMCO is seeking to address; and
(ii)	the actual capability of the eligible plant in respect of the performance requirement the subject of the registered performance standard that NEMMCO considers is required to address that power system security issue; and
(3)	where:
(i)	a performance standard in respect of a particular performance requirement is not included in the register as being applicable to an eligible plant in relation to which that Generator is registered; and
(ii)	NEMMCO considers that a performance standard in respect of that performance requirement should apply to that eligible plant,
that performance requirement.
Generator notice
(e)	As soon as reasonably practicable but by no later than 5 January 2007, each person who is registered as a Generator in relation to any eligible plant must give to NEMMCO a written notice that specifies:
(1)	each deemed performance standard in respect of a performance requirement which the Generator proposes as being applicable to any of its eligible plants, where that performance requirement is not the subject of a registered performance standard that applies to that eligible plant;
(2)	those registered performance standards that apply to any of its eligible plant which the Generator requires NEMMCO to renegotiate under clause 4.16.5(k) – in which case the Generator must also specify:
(i)	its best assessment of the actual capability of the eligible plant in respect of the performance requirement the subject of the registered performance standard; and
(ii)	the lower performance standard that it is proposing in respect of that performance requirement,
and must include with its notice information that supports its assessment of the actual capability of that eligible plant;
(3)	where NEMMCO has given the Generator a NEMMCO notice that specifies the actual capability of an eligible plant in respect of a performance requirement that NEMMCO considers is required to address a power system security issue, the Generator's best assessment of the actual capability of that eligible plant in respect of that performance requirement - in which case the Generator must also include with its notice information that supports its assessment of that actual capability; and
(4)	where:
(i)	NEMMCO has given the Generator a NEMMCO notice that specifies a performance requirement under subparagraph (d)(3); and
(ii)	the Generator has not included in its notice a deemed performance standard in respect of that performance requirement that it considers applies to the eligible plant,
the performance standard (if any) that the Generator proposes in respect of that performance requirement.
(f)	If:
(1)	the Generator does not state in a Generator notice that it requires a registered performance standard that applies to an eligible plant to be renegotiated under clause 4.16.5(k), and NEMMCO has not specified that standard in a NEMMCO notice as a registered performance standard that is to be renegotiated under clause 4.16.5(i), that registered performance standard is to be taken as the performance standard in respect of the relevant performance requirement for that eligible plant; or
(2)	the required actual capability of an eligible plant in respect of a performance requirement, as notified to the Generator under subparagraph (d)(2), is lower than or equal to the Generator's best assessment of the actual capability of that eligible plant in respect of that performance requirement,
then:
(3)	the required actual capability of the eligible plant in respect of that performance requirement, as notified to the Generator under subparagraph (d)(2), is to be taken as the performance standard in respect of that performance requirement for that eligible plant; and
(4)	NEMMCO must forthwith include that standard in the register as the performance standard in respect of that performance requirement for that eligible plant.
Provision of connection agreements
(g)	Where:
(1)	NEMMCO has given the Generator a NEMMCO notice that specifies the actual capability of an eligible plant in respect of a performance requirement that NEMMCO considers is required to address a power system security issue and the performance standard in respect of that performance requirement is not determined under subparagraphs (f)(2)-(4);
(2)	NEMMCO has given the Generator a NEMMCO notice that specifies a performance requirement under subparagraph (d)(3); or
(3)	a Generator gives NEMMCO a Generator notice that specifies a deemed performance standard under subparagraph (e)(1) or a registered performance standard under subparagraph (e)(2),
and
(4)	the Generator has not already provided to NEMMCO a copy of the current connection agreement that applies to the relevant eligible plant,
then the Generator must include with its Generator notice or if it does not give NEMMCO a Generator notice, provide to NEMMCO by no later than 5 January 2007, a copy of the current connection agreement that applies to the eligible plant.
(h)	The copy of the connection agreement referred to in paragraph (g) may be altered in such a way as to mask any commercial arrangements and is confidential information.
NEMMCO reply notice
(i)	As soon as reasonably practicable but by no later than the performance standards agreement date, NEMMCO must give to each person who is registered as a Generator in relation to any eligible plant a written notice that states:
(1)	where the Generator has given NEMMCO a Generator notice that specifies a deemed performance standard under subparagraph (e)(1), whether NEMMCO accepts the deemed performance standard as proposed by the Generator;
(2)	where the Generator has given NEMMCO a Generator notice that specifies a proposed lower performance standard under subparagraph (e)(2), whether NEMMCO accepts:
(i)	the Generator's assessment of the actual capability of the eligible plant in respect of the performance requirement the subject of the registered performance standard; and/or
(ii)	the lower performance standard that has been proposed by the Generator;
(3)	where:
(i)	the Generator has given NEMMCO a Generator notice that, under subparagraph (e)(3), specifies the Generator's best assessment of the actual capability of the eligible plant in respect of a performance requirement; and
(ii)	the required actual capability of the eligible plant in respect of that performance requirement, as notified to the Generator under subparagraph (d)(2), is higher than the Generator's assessment of the actual capability referred to in paragraph (l),
whether NEMMCO accepts the Generator's assessment;
(4)	where the Generator has given NEMMCO a Generator notice that specifies a proposed performance standard under subparagraph (e)(4), whether NEMMCO accepts that performance standard; and
(5)	where NEMMCO has given to the Generator a NEMMCO notice that specifies a performance requirement under subparagraph (d)(3) and the Generator has either:
(i)	not proposed a performance standard under subparagraph (e)(4); or
(ii)	not given a Generator notice to NEMMCO,
the performance standard (if any) that NEMMCO proposes for that purpose.
(j)	If NEMMCO states in a NEMMCO reply notice that:
(1)	it accepts a standard referred to in subparagraph (i)(1), (2) or (4), that standard is to be taken as the performance standard in respect of the relevant performance requirement for the eligible plant and NEMMCO must forthwith include that standard in the register as the performance standard in respect of that performance requirement for that eligible plant; or
(2)	it accepts the Generator's assessment of the actual capability of an eligible plant in respect of a performance requirement as included in a Generator notice under subparagraph (e)(3),
and the Generator's assessment of that actual capability is lower than the required actual capability of the eligible plant in respect of that performance requirement as notified to the Generator under subparagraph (d)(2), then:
(3)	the Generator's assessment of the actual capability of that eligible plant as referred to above is to be taken as the performance standard in respect of that performance requirement for that eligible plant; and
(4)	NEMMCO must forthwith include that standard in the register as the performance standard in respect of that performance requirement for that eligible plant.
Generator reply notice
(k)	Where NEMMCO has given a Generator a NEMMCO reply notice that specifies a proposed performance standard under subparagraph (i)(5), that Generator must, as soon as reasonably practicable but by no later than 15 January 2007, give written notice to NEMMCO which states whether it accepts that performance standard.
(l)	If the Generator states in a Generator reply notice that it accepts a standard referred to in paragraph (k), that standard is to be taken as the performance standard in respect of the relevant performance requirement for the eligible plant and NEMMCO must forthwith include that standard in the register as the performance standard in respect of that performance requirement for that eligible plant.
4.16.4	Actual capability
(a)	If NEMMCO notifies a Generator in a NEMMCO reply notice that it does not accept that the Generator's assessment of the actual capability of an eligible plant in respect of a particular performance requirement, then:
(1)	the Generator and NEMMCO must seek to agree the actual capability of that eligible plant in respect of that performance requirement, taking into account (among other things) the results of relevant tests, the records of the operation of the plant, engineering reports, information provided by Network Service Providers, manufacturers' reports and the specifications of the plant or of similar plant; and
(2)	if, within 20 business days of the giving of the NEMMCO reply notice, the Generator and NEMMCO have not agreed the actual capability of that eligible plant in respect of that performance requirement:
(i)	they must seek to agree to the tests or engineering assessments that are to be undertaken for the purpose of establishing that actual capability and the time by which such tests or engineering assessments are to be completed; and
(ii)	if, within 30 business days of the giving of the NEMMCO reply notice, they have not agreed to the tests or engineering assessments that are to be undertaken, or the time by which they are to be undertaken, the tests or engineering assessments, and the time by which they are to be undertaken, must be as specified by the AER in writing to the Generator and NEMMCO, such specification to be made at the written request of either the Generator or NEMMCO within 40 business days of the giving of the NEMMCO reply notice.
(b)	The Generator must use all reasonable endeavours, subject to complying with any other applicable provisions of the Rules, to have the tests or engineering assessments agreed or specified under subparagraph (a)(2) undertaken as agreed or specified and must promptly provide the results of such tests or engineering assessments to NEMMCO.
(c)	The costs of undertaking the tests or engineering assessments and providing the results to NEMMCO as referred to in paragraph (b) must be borne by the Generator.
(d)	This clause 4.16.4 does not apply where both the Generator and NEMMCO agree that there is no need to determine the actual capability of the eligible plant in respect of a particular performance requirement.
4.16.5	Criteria for, and negotiation of, performance standards
Restrictions on NEMMCO regarding performance standards
(a)	NEMMCO:
(1)	must, and must only, accept a deemed performance standard or a proposed performance standard under clause 4.16.3(i)(1), (2) or (4) if it is satisfied that, based on the information available to NEMMCO at that time, the standard is consistent with the performance standard requirements;
(2)	must not propose a performance standard under clause 4.16.3(i)(5) unless it is satisfied that, based on the information available to NEMMCO at that time, the standard is consistent with the performance standard requirements,
and may only agree to a performance standard under clause 4.16.3(a)-(c) or as described in clause 4.17.3(f) if it is satisfied that, based on the information available to NEMMCO at that time, the standard is consistent with the performance standard requirements.
Preconditions to obligation to negotiate
(b)	If:
(1)	NEMMCO does not state in a NEMMCO reply notice that it accepts a Generator's assessment of the actual capability of an eligible plant in respect of a performance requirement, as referred to in clause 4.16.3(i)(3), and the Generator is required to renegotiate the relevant registered performance standard pursuant to paragraph (i);
(2)	NEMMCO does not state in a NEMMCO reply notice that it accepts a performance standard proposed by a Generator, as referred to in clause 4.16.3(i)(2), and NEMMCO is required to renegotiate the relevant registered performance standard pursuant to paragraph (k);
(3)	NEMMCO does not state in a NEMMCO reply notice that it accepts a deemed performance standard or a proposed performance standard, as referred to in clause 4.16.3(i)(1) or (4); or
(4)	a Generator does not state in a Generator reply notice that it accepts a proposed performance standard, as referred to in clause 4.16.3(k),
NEMMCO and the Generator must negotiate in good faith to agree the relevant performance standard in accordance with the performance standard requirements.
Criteria for performance standards
(c)	Subject to paragraphs (e) and (f), a performance standard referred to in paragraph (a) or negotiated in accordance with paragraph (b) must be the least onerous of:
(1)	in the case of a performance standard other than a performance standard referred to in subparagraph (b)(1), the technical characteristics set out in the relevant connection agreement, subject to the technical characteristics set out in any applicable derogation;
(2)	the relevant automatic access standard;
(3)	the relevant mandatory standard; and
(4)	the actual capability of the eligible plant in respect of the performance requirement the subject of the performance standard as accepted by NEMMCO in a NEMMCO reply notice, agreed by NEMMCO and the Generator, established in accordance with tests or engineering assessments agreed or specified under clause 4.16.4(a)(2), or determined by a performance standards expert.
(d)	As a result of the application of paragraph (c), and notwithstanding anything else to the contrary in the Rules, the relevant performance standard may be less than the relevant minimum access standard or mandatory standard.
(e)	The performance standard may be such other standard of performance as is agreed by NEMMCO and the Generator and as is higher than that which complies with the requirements set out in paragraphs (c) and (d).
(f)	NEMMCO and the Generator may agree that a performance requirement is not applicable to an eligible plant, with the result that no performance standard in respect of that performance requirement is required for that eligible plant.
Provision of information
(g)	For the purpose of facilitating the negotiations referred to in paragraph (b), the Generator must provide to NEMMCO as soon as reasonably practicable but by no later than 22 January 2007, a copy of the current connection agreement that applies to the relevant eligible plant and details of the design performance of the eligible plant.
(h)	The obligation in paragraph (g) does not apply to the extent the Generator has already provided such documents and information to NEMMCO and the copy of the connection agreement may be altered in such a way as to mask any commercial arrangements and is confidential information.
When NEMMCO may require renegotiation of registered performance standard
(i)	NEMMCO may only require a Generator to renegotiate a registered performance standard pursuant to a NEMMCO notice if:
(1)	the registered performance standard is lower than what NEMMCO considers, based on the information available to it, to be the actual capability of the eligible plant in respect of the performance requirement the subject of the registered performance standard; and
(2)	NEMMCO is satisfied that a higher performance standard in respect of that performance requirement is required to address a power system security issue.
(j)	Notwithstanding paragraph (i), a Generator is not required to (but may nevertheless agree to) renegotiate a registered performance standard pursuant to that clause if the actual capability of that eligible plant in respect of the performance requirement as agreed by NEMMCO and the Generator, or as established in accordance with tests or engineering assessments agreed or specified under clause 4.16.4(a)(2), is lower than the registered performance standard.
When Generator may require renegotiation of performance standard
(k)	A Generator may only require NEMMCO to renegotiate a registered performance standard pursuant to a Generator notice if the registered performance standard is higher than the Generator's best assessment of the actual capability of the eligible plant in respect of the performance requirement the subject of the registered performance standard.
(l)	Notwithstanding paragraph (k), NEMMCO is not required to (but may nevertheless agree to) renegotiate a registered performance standard pursuant to that clause if the actual capability of that eligible plant in respect of the performance requirement as agreed by NEMMCO and the Generator, or as established in accordance with tests or engineering assessments agreed or specified under clause 4.16.4(a)(2), is higher than the registered performance standard.
Consequences of agreeing performance standard
(m)	If NEMMCO and a Generator agree a performance standard in respect of a performance requirement for any eligible plant under this clause 4.16.5, that performance standard is to be taken as the performance standard in respect of that performance requirement for the eligible plant and NEMMCO must forthwith include that standard in the register as the performance standard in respect of that performance requirement for that eligible plant.
4.16.6	Consultation with and assistance by Network Service Providers
(a)	Before NEMMCO:
(1)	accepts or agrees to a performance standard under this rule 4.16 or as described in clause 4.17.3(d); or
(2)	agrees that a performance requirement is not applicable to an eligible plant under clause 4.16.5(f),
NEMMCO must notify the Network Service Provider to whose network the relevant eligible plant is directly connected and give that Network Service Provider a reasonable opportunity to provide its views on that matter to NEMMCO.
(b)	As soon as reasonably practicable after including a performance standard for an eligible plant in the register under this rule 4.16 or rule 4.17, NEMMCO must give written notice of that performance standard to the Network Service Provider to whose network that eligible plant is directly connected.
(c)	If requested to do so by NEMMCO or a Generator, a Network Service Provider must use its reasonable endeavours to provide such assistance as is requested in connection with the proposal, negotiation, acceptance or agreement of a performance standard under this rule 4.16 or as described in clause 4.17.3(d).
4.16.7	Referral to expert determination
(a)	If:
(1)	in accordance with clause 4.16.5(b), NEMMCO and a Generator are required to negotiate to agree a performance standard in respect of a particular performance requirement for an eligible plant;
(2)	NEMMCO and the Generator have not agreed under clause 4.16.5(f) that such a performance requirement is not applicable to that eligible plant; and
(3)	as at 29 January 2007, NEMMCO is not required under clause 4.16.5(m) to include in the register a performance standard for that eligible plant that is in respect of that performance requirement,
the Generator may give a written notice to NEMMCO (or NEMMCO may give a written notice to the Generator) of its intention to refer the determination of the performance standard in respect of the performance requirement to a performance standards expert.
(b)	If:
(1)	in accordance with clause 4.16.5(b), NEMMCO and a Generator are required to negotiate to agree a performance standard in respect of a particular performance requirement for an eligible plant;
(2)	NEMMCO and the Generator have not agreed under clause 4.16.5(f) that such a performance requirement is not applicable to that eligible plant; and
(3)	as at 1 March 2007, NEMMCO is not required under clause 4.16.5(m) to include in the register a performance standard for that eligible plant that is in respect of that performance requirement,
NEMMCO must give a written notice to the Generator of its intention to refer the determination of the performance standard in respect of the performance requirement to a performance standards expert.
4.16.8	Prior actions
If the AEMC, the AER, NEMMCO or a Registered Participant takes any action to enable any entity to perform functions under, or obligations imposed by, this rule 4.16 or rule 4.17 before 7 December 2006 in anticipation of the relevant provision applying on the performance standards transition commencement date, and the action was taken so far as reasonably practicable in accordance with the provision (as though the provision applied at the time the relevant action was taken), then the action is deemed to have been validly taken in accordance with that provision with effect on and from 7 December 2006.
4.16.9	Deemed performance standards
A deemed performance standard for any eligible plant:
(a)	that is in respect of a particular performance requirement; and
(b)	that is included in the register as at the performance standards transition commencement date,
is to be taken to be the performance standard in respect of that performance requirement for that eligible plant for the purposes of the Rules unless it is subsequently amended or replaced in accordance with the Rules.
4.16.10	Modification of connection agreements
(a)	Notwithstanding clause 5.2.2(c) and subject to paragraph (b), a connection agreement that applies to any eligible plant is to be taken to include:
(1)	such performance standards for that eligible plant as are included in the register under this rule 4.16 or rule 4.17; and
(2)	except to the extent they have been superseded by a performance standard referred to in subparagraph (1), such performance standards for that eligible plant as are included in the register as at the performance standards transition commencement date,
and those performance standards prevail over any other standards of performance that are included in that connection agreement to the extent of any inconsistency between them.
(b)	Clause 4.16.10(a) does not apply to the extent a performance standard that is taken to be included in a connection agreement under that clause is subsequently amended or replaced in accordance with the Rules.
4.17	Expert determination
4.17.1	Performance standards committee and appointment of performance standards experts
(a)	As soon as reasonably practicable but by no later than 10 January 2007, NEMMCO must establish a committee comprising six members (the performance standards committee).
(b)	The six members must consist of:
(1)	two persons appointed to represent NEMMCO, one of whom is appointed as the chairperson of the committee;
(2)	two persons appointed to represent Generators; and
(3)	two persons appointed to represent Network Service Providers.
(c)	A decision of the performance standards committee to nominate a person as a performance standards expert must be made:
(1)	at a meeting of the performance standards committee; and
(2)	by at least two thirds of the number of members who attend the meeting.
(d)	A quorum for a meeting of the performance standards committee consists of one member from each of the categories referred to in subparagraph (b)(1) to (3).
(e)	The chairperson of the performance standards committee:
(1)	is responsible for all procedural matters; and
(2)	without limiting subparagraph (1), may determine that a member or members may participate in, and form any part of the quorum for, a meeting of the performance standards committee by telephone, closed circuit television or other means, but only if the member who speaks on any matter at that meeting can be heard by the other members at that meeting.
(f)	If a member of the performance standards committee resigns or otherwise ceases to be able or available to perform the functions of a member for more than 2 consecutive meetings of the committee, NEMMCO must, as soon as reasonably practicable, appoint another person to replace that member.
(g)	As soon as reasonably practicable after it is established, the performance standards committee must nominate at least two persons as performance standards experts.
(h)	The performance standards committee must:
(1)	from time to time nominate such number of persons as performance standards experts as is necessary to ensure that the number of performance standards experts at any time is no less than two; and
(2)	at the request of NEMMCO, nominate such additional number of persons as performance standards experts as NEMMCO requires.
(i)	If the performance standards committee:
(1)	fails to nominate at least two persons as performance standards experts within 30 business days of the committee being established; or
(2)	where the number of performance standards experts is reduced to less than two – fails, within 30 business days of such reduction occurring, to nominate such number of persons as performance standards experts as is necessary to restore the number of performance standards experts to two,
NEMMCO must request the AER in writing to nominate the requisite number of persons as performance standards experts and the AER must nominate that number of performance standards experts as soon as reasonably practicable.
(j)	NEMMCO must engage a performance standards expert nominated under this clause 4.17.1 for the purpose of performing the functions of a performance standards expert under this rule 4.17.
(k)	NEMMCO must notify the AER in writing of each performance standards expert that it engages under paragraph (j).
(l)	The performance standards committee will cease to exist one month after 1 June 2007.
4.17.2	Referral to performance standards expert
(a)	Where NEMMCO or a Generator gives a notice under clause 4.16.3(c) or clause 4.16.7 of its intention to refer the determination of a performance standard to a performance standards expert, the party giving the notice (the 'initiating party') and the party to whom the notice is given (the 'receiving party') must seek to agree on a performance standards expert to determine the performance standard.
(b)	If:
(1)	5 business days from the giving of the notice under clause 4.16.3(c) or clause 4.16.7 (as the case may be) have elapsed; and
(2)	the initiating party and the receiving party have not agreed on a performance standards expert to determine the performance standard,
then the initiating party or the receiving party may request the AER in writing to nominate a performance standards expert to determine the performance standard, in which case:
(3)	the AER must make such nomination by notice in writing given to both the initiating party and the receiving party within 5 business days of the AER receiving the request to do so; and
(4)	the nominated performance standards expert will determine the performance standard.
(c)	Within 5 business days of the selection of the performance standards expert who will determine the performance standard, or within such longer time as the performance standards expert may agree, the initiating party and the receiving party must each give to the performance standards expert a written submission as to the performance standard they contend should be adopted and the reasons (together with supporting evidence) for that contention.
4.17.3	Determinations of performance standards experts
(a)	The initiating party, the receiving party and any Network Service Provider required to do so by the performance standards expert must promptly supply the performance standards expert with any information, assistance and cooperation requested in writing by the performance standards expert in connection with its determination of a performance standard.
(b)	The performance standards expert must determine the performance standard in accordance with the performance standard requirements. For these purposes the performance standards expert may, without limitation:
(1)	determine the actual capability of the eligible plant in respect of the performance requirement the subject of the performance standard; or
(2)	determine that a performance requirement is not applicable to the relevant eligible plant, with the result that no performance standard in respect of that performance requirement is required for that eligible plant.
(c)	The performance standards expert must, as soon as reasonably practicable but no later than 1 June 2007, determine the performance standard and provide NEMMCO and the Generator with its written determination (including reasons).
(d)	The performance standards expert must not determine a performance standard in respect of a performance requirement for an eligible plant if, prior to making that determination, NEMMCO and the Generator notify the expert in writing that they have agreed to the relevant performance standard.
(e)	A performance standard in respect of a particular performance requirement that is:
(1)	agreed as described in paragraph (d); or
(2)	determined by a performance standards expert,
is to be taken as the performance standard in respect of that performance requirement for the relevant eligible plant and NEMMCO must forthwith include that standard in the register as the performance standard in respect of that performance requirement for that eligible plant.
(f)	Not later than 1 July 2007, a performance standards expert must provide a summary of each determination it makes under this rule 4.17 to NEMMCO and NEMMCO must publish that summary as soon as is reasonably practicable.
(g)	A summary under paragraph (f) must only include the following information:
(1)	the name of the relevant Generator;
(2)	the name or a description of the eligible plant; and
(3)	the performance requirement that is the subject of the performance standard that has been determined by the performance standards expert for that eligible plant.
4.17.4	Other matters
(a)	To the extent permitted by law, a performance standards expert is not liable for any loss, damage or liability suffered or incurred by a Registered Participant or any other person as a consequence of any act or omission of the performance standards expert that was done in good faith in connection with the determination of a performance standard.
(b)	Before proceeding to determine a performance standard, a performance standards expert may require the initiating party and the receiving party to execute a release and indemnity in relation to any loss, damage or liability that the performance standards expert might, but for the release and indemnity, suffer or incur as a consequence of any act or omission of the performance standards expert that was done in good faith in connection with the determination of the performance standard.
(c)	As part of its engagement by NEMMCO, a performance standards expert must enter into a confidentiality deed with NEMMCO, for the benefit of NEMMCO and each Generator in respect of which the performance standards expert determines a performance standard, under which it undertakes to keep confidential all information provided to it for the purposes of determining any performance standard except to the extent that the disclosure of such information is necessary for the purposes of the summary referred to in clause 4.17.3(f).
(d)	The costs of the performance standards expert must be borne equally as between NEMMCO and National Generators Forum Limited (ACN 113 331 623).